Estimating, Cost and Valuation MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Estimating, Cost and Valuation - Download Free PDF

Concept:

Methods of estimation are as follows:

1. The centreline method:

• It is suitable for walls of similar cross-sections. Here the total centerline length is multiplied by the breadth and depth of the respective item to get the total quantity at a time.
• When cross walls or partitions walls join with the main wall, the centerline length gets reduced by half of the breadth for each junction i.e. (2 × half of the thickness of the wall = thickness of the wall).
• Such junctions or joints are studied carefully while calculating total centerline length.
• The estimates prepared by this method are the less accurate but quick and they can be used in any shape of the structure.

2. Long Wall and Short Wall method: 

• In this method, the wall along the length of the room is considered to be a long wall while the wall perpendicular to the long wall is said to be a short wall.
• To get the length of the longwall or short wall, calculate first the centerline lengths of individual walls. Then the length of the longwall, (out to out) may be calculated after adding half breadth at each end to its centerline length.
• Thus the length of the short wall is measured into in and may be found by deducting half breadth from its centerline length at each end. The length of the longwall usually decreases from earthwork to brickwork in superstructure while the short wall increases.
• These lengths are multiplied by breadth and depth to get quantities

Explanation:

Rent statements are a type of document that lets the tenant know how much money they owe for rent and when it must be paid by.

A rent agreement must always be prepared in between the landlord and tenant in case both parties are different. However, in special circumstances if both landlord and tenant are same then rent agreement may be avoided.

Among the given options, the last given option, the residential building is owned by government i.e. government is the owner and later on it is converted to field office or data collection  by government so tenant is also some department of government, so there is no need for rent statement.

Explanation:

Rules for the deduction for openings as per IS - 1200 for brickwork:

No deduction is made for the following:

i) Bearing of floor and roof slabs are not deducted from the masonry in the superstructure. 

ii) Opening up to 0.1 m2

iii) Ends of the beam, posts, rafters, purlin, etc. chajjas where thickness does not exceeds 10 cm.

iv) Bed plates, wall plates, bearing of chajjas where thickness does not exceed 10 cm. 

Deduction in plastering is made in the following manner:

i) No deduction is made for ends of beams, posts, rafters, purlin, etc.

ii) No deduction is made for opening up to 0.5 m2 and no addition is made for jambs, soffits, and sills of these openings. 

iii) For opening more than 0.5 m2 and up to 3 m2 the deduction is made for one face only. No addition for jambs, soffits, and sills of these openings.

iv) For opening above 3 m2 the deduction is made for both faces of openings and the jambs, soffits, and sills shall be added.

Explanation:

• Waterproofing is essential for ensuring the longevity and functionality of water tanks, especially when they are used for storing drinking water.
• Waterproofing compounds are added to the plaster applied on the walls of the tank to prevent water from leaking through the structure.
• This practice is particularly important in tanks where water retention is crucial, and it helps avoid seepage which could compromise the strength and quality of the surrounding soil or other structures.
• Haunching refers to the sloped or beveled area at the intersection of the vertical and horizontal walls of a tank. This structure is provided to strengthen the joint and reduce stress concentration.
• Without haunching, the junction could become a weak point, especially under the load of water or during changes in temperature and pressure.
• Haunching ensures a more durable and stable connection between the walls, improving the overall strength and stability of the tank.

Additional Information

• In the estimation process for a water tank, it's common practice to include all the components necessary for construction, including the provision of access such as ladders.
• Ladders are crucial for maintenance and cleaning the tank, especially in large water tanks. They provide safe access for workers to enter and work inside the tank.
• Therefore, estimates should indeed include the cost of constructing ladders or steps, along with other elements like the walls, foundation, and waterproofing. 
• Soling is a term used in construction to refer to a layer of coarse material, typically used as a foundation or base material for the lower parts of structures.
• It helps in load distribution and stability. However, soling is not used to describe the sloping structure at the junction of the vertical and horizontal walls of a water tank.
• The term for that is haunching. Soling is used beneath the tank's base to provide support, but it is not relevant for the sloping intersection of walls.

Explanation:

1. Flooring quantity is measured in square meters (m²), which represents the area of the floor.

2. The length and breadth for measuring the flooring are taken as the inside dimensions of the room, from wall to wall of the superstructure. This ensures that the area being measured corresponds to the floor space inside the walls where the flooring material is applied.

3. Height is generally not involved in the calculation of flooring area unless there is a requirement for volume calculations, such as in the case of raised floors or for materials like concrete flooring.

 Additional InformationTypes of Flooring Measurements:

1. For tiled flooring, the measurement is based on the total area covered by tiles, excluding any spaces like doorways or areas not covered by the flooring.

2. For wooden or vinyl flooring, measurements are usually taken from wall to wall, inside the room, and may include allowances for any cutting or wastage.

3. For raised flooring, the area may be calculated similarly to conventional flooring but might involve adjustments if the height of the floor needs to be factored into the design or material estimate.

Explanation:

General rules for measurement are:

All works shall be measured subject to the following tolerances:

(i) Dimensions shall be measured to the nearest 0.01 meter.

(ii) Areas shall be measured to the nearest 0.01 sq.m.

(iii) Cubic contents shall be worked up to the nearest 0.01 cum.

Except: 

1. The woodworks should be measured nearest to 0.002 m.

2. Thickness of slab which shall be measured to the nearest 0.005 m.

3. Structural steelworks to the nearest 0.001 m. 

4. Thickness of roadwork (where the thickness is less than 200 mm) to the nearest 0.005 m.  

Explanation:

The capacity of doing work by artesian or skilled labour in the form of quantity of work per day is known as out turn of the labour.

Concept:

Central line method

It is one of the methods for preparing an estimate.

Calculation of length of the wall is done first, and then multiply it with the breadth and depth of the wall to find out quantity.

This is a method that is suitable for rectangular, circular buildings having no inter or cross walls. Hence it is suitable for a wall having the same width.

Calculation:

Center to center length of wall = 5 + 0.3 = 5.3 m

Center to center width of wall = 4 + 0.3 = 4.3 m

So, Total centre line perimeter = 2 × 5.3 + 2 × 4.3 = 19.2 m

Total volume of brickwork = Total center line perimeter × width of wall × height of room - Volume of door opening

Concept:

Dry volume of cement mortar = 1.33 × wet volume of cement mortar

Bulk density of cement = 1440 kg/m3 

Weight of 1 bag of cement = 50 kg

Calculation:

Given, L = 5 m, H = 3.5 m, T = 0.3 m, Plaster thickness = 0.012 m

Plaster required for both side of wall = 2 × 5 × 3.5 × 0.012 = 0.42 m3 

Dry volume of cement mortar = 1.33 × 0.42 = 0.5586 m3 

Volume of cement required = 0.5586/4 = 0.13965 m3 

Cement bags required = 0.13965/50 × 1440 = 4 bags

Explanation:

The different forms used in the Central Public Works Department are as follows:

Form 21

• It is related to the muster roll.

Form 22

• It is related to casual the labour roll.

Form 23

• It is related to the measurement book.

Form 24

• It is related to the first and final bill.

 The capacity of doing work by artesian or skilled labour in the form of a quantity of work per day is known as outturn of the labour.

Explanation:

Lead:

• The distance between the source of availability of material and the construction site is known as Lead
• Lead is measured in km
• The cost of conveyance of material depends on lead

The environment lead on the metalled roads are arrived at by multiplying by a factor as follows:

•  For Sandy tracks – Lead × 1.4
•  For metal tracks – Lead × 1.0
•  For cartze tracks – Lead × 1.1

Concept:

The following is parameters and properties of cement:

1. Bulk density of cement = 1440 kg/m3

2. Specific gravity of cement = 3.15

3. Weight of one bag of cement = 50 kg

4. Volume of cement bag = 50/1440 = 0.035 m3

5. Number of cement bags in 1 m3 = 30 approx.

6. Volume of dry mortar is 30% more than the volume of wet mortar.

∴ The volume of dry mortar = 1.3 × volume of wet mortar

Calculation:

1 m³ of wet cement mortar will correspond to 1.30 m³ of dry mortar

Sum of proportions = 1 + 5 = 6

Cement =\(\rm{\frac{{1.3}}{6} = 0.216\;{m^3}}\)

1 m³ of cement = 1440 kg

So, 0.216 m³ to cement = 312 kg

Sand = \(\rm{\frac{{5\;\times \;1.3}}{6} = 1.08\;{m^3}}\)

Explanation:

Rules for the deduction for openings as per IS - 1200 for brickwork:

No deduction is made for the following:

i) Bearing of floor and roof slabs are not deducted from the masonry in the superstructure. 

ii) Opening up to 0.1 m2

iii) Ends of the beam, posts, rafters, purlin, etc. chajjas where thickness does not exceeds 10 cm.

iv) Bed plates, wall plates, bearing of chajjas where thickness does not exceed 10 cm. 

Deduction in plastering are made in the following manner:

i) No deduction is made for ends of beams, posts, rafters, purlin, etc.

ii) No deduction is made for opening up to 0.5 m2 and no addition is made for jambs, soffits, and sills of these openings. 

iii) For opening more than 0.5 m2 and up to 3 m2 the deduction is made for one face only. No addition for jambs, soffits, and sills of these openings.

iv) For opening above 3 m2 the deduction is made for both faces of openings and the jambs, soffits, and sills shall be added.

Explanation:

Material statement: The total quantities of all the items of materials required for the completion of the construction is shown in Material statement.

Bar bending schedule: Bar Bending Schedule, commonly referred to as “BBS” is a comprehensive list that describes the location, mark, type, size, length and number, and bending details of each bar or fabric in a Reinforcement Drawing of a Structure.

Work charged establishment: The work charged establishment will include the temporary establishment as are employed for the execution or the immediate technical supervision or departmental stores in connection with the specific work.