Production Engineering (Manufacturing) MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Production Engineering (Manufacturing) - Download Free PDF

Explanation:

• The .max file extension is the native file format for 3ds Max, which stores all the information about the scene, including:

  • Geometry

  • Lighting

  • Materials

  • Animations

  • Camera settings

• It is the primary format for saving scenes and supports the complete project configuration.

• Unlike .3ds, which is used for older 3D Studio versions, .max is fully optimized for 3ds Max.

• Other formats like .obj and .fbx are mainly used for exporting models to other software but do not store complete scene information.

Explanation:

• The Modifier Stack in 3ds Max allows you to:

  • Apply multiple modifiers to an object (e.g., Bend, Twist, TurboSmooth).

  • Control the order of application for different modifiers.

  • Toggle visibility, enable or disable modifiers.

  • Non-destructive modeling: Modifiers can be added or removed without altering the base geometry.

Explanation:

• The Render Setup dialog controls:

  • Output resolution and image size

  • Frame range for animations

  • Render quality settings like anti-aliasing, global illumination, and shadows

  • File format for rendered outputs (JPEG, PNG, AVI, etc.)

• This is the final step before outputting an image or animation.

Explanation:

• The Schematic View is accessed through the Graph Editors menu.

• It provides a visual representation of object relationships and hierarchies:

  • Shows parent-child links

  • Displays modifiers, controllers, and animation paths

  • Allows drag-and-drop linking of objects

• It is particularly useful for rigging and managing complex animations.

Explanation:

• In 3ds Max, the Undo command is used to revert the last action.

• Shortcut for Undo is Ctrl + Z.

• This command can be performed multiple times to backtrack through recent changes.

• The opposite operation, Redo, is performed with Ctrl + Y.

Explanation:

Electrochemical Machining: 

In electrochemical machining, the metal is removed due to electrochemical action i.e. Ion displacement where the workpiece is made anode and the tool is made the cathode. A high current is passed between the tool and workpiece through the electrolyte. Metal is removed by the anodic dissolution and is carried away by the electrolyte.

The tool material used in ECM should have the following property

• It should have high electrical conductivity
• It should be easily machinable and it should have high stiffness
• Its corrosion resistance should be high.

The advantages of ECM include

• Complex shapes can be made accurately
• The surface finish is good due to atomic level dissolution
• Tool wear practically absent
• Its material removal rate is the highest.

The limitation of the Electro-Chemical Machining (ECM) process is the use of corrosive media as electrolytes makes it difficult to handle.

Concept:

• The Vernier principle states that two different scales are constructed on a single known length of line and the difference between them is taken for fine measurements.

Determining the least count of Vernier callipers:

In the Vernier calliper shown in Fig 

Calculation:

Given:

One main scale division (MSD) = 0.5 mm

24 divisions of main scale = 24 × 0.5 = 12 

One Vernier scale division (VSD) = 12/25 mm 

Least count = 1 MSD - 1 VSD

Concept:

Table speed in mm/minute = ft × Z × N

where, N = RPM, Z = no. of teeth, ft = Feed per tooth

Calculation:

Given:

Z = 10, N = 150 rpm, ft = ?, f_m = 400 mm/min

Table speed in mm/minute, 400 = 150 × 10 × ft

Explanation:

A casting defect is an irregularity in the metal casting process that is undesired.

Classification of casting defects is given as:

Explanation:

Nomenclature of butt and fillet weld:

Throat thickness: The distance between the junction of metals and the midpoint on the line joining the two toes.

Leg length: The distance between the junction of the metals and the point where the weld metal touches the base metal ‘toe’.

The length of the leg is the distance from the root of the weld to the toe of the weld.

The theoretical throat is the perpendicular distance between the root of the weld and the hypotenuse joining the two ends of the length. It is the shortest distance from the root to the face.

Root: The parts to be joined that are nearest together.

Root gap: It is the distance between the parts to be joined.

Root face: The surface formed by squaring off the root edge of the fusion face to avoid a sharp edge at the root.

Reinforcement: Metal deposited on the surface of the parent metal or the excess metal over the line joining the two toes.

The toe of weld: The point where the weld face joins the parent metal.

Weld face: The surface of a weld seen from the side from which the weld was made.

Root penetration: It is the projection of the root run at the bottom of the joint.

Explanation:

PROPERTIES OF MOULDING SAND:

Explanation:

Section:

• Sectional views are drawn to show the internal details of an object.
• The object is assumed to be cut on a plane.
• The surface produced by cutting an object at this plane is called a section.
• The surface which cuts the object at the section plane is shown hatched (a regular pattern) according to standard conventions.
• Sections are of many types:
  1. Full section
  2. Offset section
  3. Half section
  4. Revolved section
  5. Removed section
  6. Partial section, or broken section
  7. Auxillary section
  8. Aligned section. 
• The type of section to be adopted depends upon the shape of the object.

Half section:

• This is generally used for symmetrical objects.
• Two cutting planes at right angles to each other pass halfway through the view up to the centerline.
• Thus only one quarter is assumed to be removed.

Additional Information

Revolved section:

• It is used to show the cross-section shape of ribs, arms, spoke, etc. The section line is drawn by passing a cutting plane at right angles to the axis.
• This section is then revolved and drawn at the cutting plane axis on the main view. If the cross-section changes along the length, many revolved sections can be drawn.  
• ​​When the sectional view is shown within the object it is known as a Revolved section.

​

Removed section:

• It is similar to Revolved section, but instead of drawing the section on the view, it is drawn in a free space near the object along the centerline of the section.

Partial section:

• A section consisting of less than half a section is called a partial section. Note that here we use a broken line to indicate the division between the sectioned and unsectioned part. For this reason, a partial section is often called a Broken section.

​

Aligned section:

• An aligned section view/cut is a view created from a cutting profile defined from non-parallel planes. In order to include in a section a certain angled element, the cutting plane may be bent so as to pass through those features. The plane and feature are then imagined to be revolved into the original plane.

Full section:

• The cutting plane passes entirely through the object in a straight line. Thin objects like ribs, etc. are not hatched even if they are cut by the cutting plane along the axis.
• To see the internal features of an object that are not in a straight line, the cutting plane can be offset. Such a section is called the Offset section. The cutting plane can be inclined also.

Explanation:

Glazing: When a surface of the wheel develops a smooth and shining appearance, it is said to be glazed. This indicates that the wheel is blunt, i.e. the abrasive grains are not sharp.

• Glazing is caused by grinding hard materials on a wheel that has too hard a grade of bond. The abrasive particles become dull owing to cutting the hard material. The bond is too firm to allow them to break out. The wheel loses its cutting efficiency.
• Glazing of grinding wheel is more predominant in hard wheels with higher speeds. With softer wheels and relatively lower speeds, this effect is less prominent.

Explanation:

The soldering process is carried out generally in the temperature range of 180 – 250° C which is sufficient to melt the solder material. Most solders are alloys of lead and tin. Three commonly used alloys contain 60, 50, and 40% tin and all melt below 240°C.

In soldering, Solder Flux is used. Most commonly used soldering flux is as followed

• Ammonium chloride or rosin for soldering tin
• Hydrochloric acid and zinc chloride for soldering galvanized iron

Lancing - Creating a partial cut in the sheet, so that no material is removed. The material is left attached to be bent and form a shape, such as a tab, vent, or louver.

Parting - Separating a part from the remaining sheet, by punching away the material between parts.

Slitting - Cutting straight lines in the sheet. No scrap material is produced.

Notching - Punching the edge of a sheet, forming a notch in the shape of a portion of the punch.