Science & Technology MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Science & Technology - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is Hyderabad.

Key Points

• The National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) is a key center of the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO).
• NRSC is headquartered in Hyderabad, Telangana, and focuses on remote sensing satellite data acquisition and processing.
• Its responsibilities include satellite data dissemination, geographical information systems (GIS), and conducting research and development in remote sensing applications.
• NRSC plays a critical role in disaster management, agriculture, urban planning, and environmental monitoring by providing satellite imagery and analysis.

Important Points

• NRSC is equipped with state-of-the-art facilities for remote sensing applications and contributes significantly to India's space program.
• The center collaborates with multiple government departments and industries for the utilization of satellite data.

Additional Information

• Ahmedabad: Ahmedabad is home to the Space Applications Centre (SAC), another important ISRO facility. SAC specializes in the development of payloads for satellites and focuses on applications such as communication, remote sensing, and navigation.
• Sriharikota: Sriharikota is the location of the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC), which is ISRO's primary launch site for satellites. It houses the launch pads for PSLV, GSLV, and other rockets.
• Thiruvananthapuram: Thiruvananthapuram is the location of the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), ISRO's primary center for launch vehicle development. It focuses on the design and development of rockets and associated technologies.

The correct answer is John McCarthy.

Key Points

• John McCarthy is known as the 'Father of Artificial Intelligence' for his pioneering contributions to the field of AI.
• He coined the term "Artificial Intelligence" in 1956 during the Dartmouth Conference, which is considered the birth of AI as a research discipline.
• McCarthy developed the Lisp programming language in 1958, which became fundamental to AI development and research.
• He introduced the concept of "time-sharing" in computing, significantly influencing the development of computer systems.
• John McCarthy received several accolades for his work, including the Turing Award in 1971, which is considered the "Nobel Prize of Computing."

Additional Information

• Artificial Intelligence (AI):
  • AI refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, particularly computer systems.
  • It encompasses various subfields such as machine learning, natural language processing, robotics, and computer vision.
  • AI aims to enable machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as reasoning, problem-solving, and decision-making.
• Lisp Programming Language:
  • Lisp (short for "LISt Processing") is one of the oldest high-level programming languages, developed by John McCarthy in 1958.
  • It is particularly known for its use in AI research due to its flexibility and ability to handle symbolic computation.
  • Lisp introduced several programming concepts, such as recursion and garbage collection, which are widely used in modern programming.
• Dartmouth Conference (1956):
  • The Dartmouth Conference is considered the founding event of AI as a scientific field of study.
  • It was organized by John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Nathaniel Rochester, and Claude Shannon.
  • The conference proposed that "every aspect of learning or any other feature of intelligence can in principle be so precisely described that a machine can be made to simulate it."
• John McCarthy's Legacy:
  • McCarthy laid the groundwork for many key AI concepts, including heuristic programming and the formalization of common-sense reasoning.
  • He was instrumental in creating the early AI research community and mentoring future AI pioneers.
  • His work continues to influence modern AI advancements and the broader field of computer science.

The correct answer is Over-The-Top.

Key Points

• OTT stands for Over-The-Top, referring to content delivered directly to viewers via the internet, bypassing traditional broadcasting or cable platforms.
• The term "Over-The-Top" originated from the concept of delivering content "over" traditional distribution channels like cable or satellite TV.
• Popular OTT platforms include Netflix, Amazon Prime Video, Disney+, Hulu, and YouTube.
• OTT services provide a wide range of content including movies, TV shows, live sports, and original programming.
• OTT platforms operate on subscription-based models (SVOD), ad-supported models (AVOD), or transactional models (TVOD).

Additional Information

• Types of OTT Content Delivery Models
  • SVOD (Subscription Video On Demand): Users pay a recurring fee to access a library of content (e.g., Netflix, Disney+).
  • AVOD (Advertising Video On Demand): Content is free but supported by advertisements (e.g., YouTube).
  • TVOD (Transactional Video On Demand): Users pay per piece of content, either for rent or purchase (e.g., iTunes, Google Play).
• Impact of OTT Platforms
  • OTT platforms have disrupted traditional media distribution methods like cable TV by offering on-demand content.
  • They enable content consumption on multiple devices such as smartphones, tablets, smart TVs, and desktops.
  • OTT platforms have increased accessibility to global and regional content, fostering diversity in entertainment.
• Technological Backbone of OTT Platforms
  • OTT platforms rely on Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) to deliver videos efficiently and at scale.
  • Adaptive bitrate streaming ensures optimal video quality based on the user’s internet speed.
  • Technologies like AI and machine learning are used for personalized content recommendations.
• Regulation and Challenges
  • OTT platforms are often subject to minimal regulation, but some countries are considering stricter guidelines for content and data privacy.
  • Challenges include copyright issues, competition, and maintaining user engagement in a crowded market.

The correct answer is DeepSeek-V3.

Key Points

• DeepSeek-V3 is the AI model developed by the Chinese AI startup, DeepSeek. It stands out due to its cost-effective nature and competitive performance.
• The model leverages reinforcement learning and hardware optimization techniques to enhance its capabilities and efficiency.
• DeepSeek-V3 is designed to challenge the performance of GPT-4, which is one of the most advanced AI models currently available.
• One of the significant advantages of DeepSeek-V3 is that it is open-sourced, making it accessible to a broader range of developers and researchers for further innovation and development.

Additional Information

• Reinforcement learning is a type of machine learning where an AI agent learns to make decisions by performing certain actions and receiving feedback from the environment.
• Hardware optimization involves modifying and improving the hardware configurations and architecture to achieve better performance and efficiency for running AI models.
• Being open-sourced means that the source code of DeepSeek-V3 is freely available for anyone to use, modify, and distribute, fostering a collaborative environment for technological advancements.
• The development of models like DeepSeek-V3 signifies the rapid progress in the field of AI, making sophisticated AI tools more accessible and affordable.

The correct answer is First successful landing near lunar south pole.

Key Points

• Chandrayaan-3 achieved a historic milestone by successfully landing near the lunar south pole, which is a significant achievement in the field of space exploration.
  • The lunar south pole region is of great scientific interest because it contains permanently shadowed craters that may hold water ice.
  • Landing near the lunar south pole presents unique challenges due to the rough terrain and the low angle of sunlight.
  • This successful landing demonstrates India's advanced capabilities in space technology and lunar exploration.
  • It marks India as the first country to achieve a soft landing near the lunar south pole, setting a precedent for future missions to this region.
  • This mission enhances our understanding of the Moon's geology and the potential for resources that could support future human exploration.

Additional Information

• Previous missions to the Moon, including those by the United States, Russia, and China, have primarily targeted equatorial regions.
• The successful landing near the lunar south pole opens new avenues for international cooperation in space exploration.
• Chandrayaan-3's success follows the legacy of Chandrayaan-1 and Chandrayaan-2, further solidifying India's reputation in the global space community.
• The data collected from this mission will be invaluable for scientists and researchers studying the Moon's surface and its potential resources.
• This achievement highlights the importance of continued investment in space exploration and technology development.

The correct answer is 2022.

Key Points

• 5G telecommunications technology was launched in India in 2022.
• The government of India successfully concluded the 5G spectrum auction on August 1, 2022, and the fifth-generation telecom services were rolled out in India on October 1, 2022 to the first 13 cities, which include Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Bengaluru, Chandigarh, Gurugram, Hyderabad, Lucknow, Pune, Gandhinagar, Ahmedabad, Jamshedpur, and Visakhapatnam.
• The 5G spectrum auction was conducted in two phases.
• In the first phase, 72.205 MHz of spectrum in the 3.3-3.67 GHz band was auctioned, and in the second phase, 28.250 MHz of spectrum in the 700 MHz band was auctioned.
• The total auction revenue was around Rs. 4.3 lakh crore.

The correct answer is Copernicus.Key Points 

• Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543), a Polish astronomer, is credited with formulating the model of the Solar System that placed the Sun, rather than the Earth, at the centre, known as the heliocentric model.
• Before Copernicus, the geocentric model, which placed Earth at the centre, was widely accepted, largely based on the works of Ptolemy.
• Copernicus's heliocentric theory was published in his book "De revolutionibus orbium coelestium" (On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres) in 1543.
• Nicolaus Copernicus was an astronomer who proposed a heliocentric system, that the planets orbit around the Sun.

Confusion Points 

• There is confusion that Galileo discovered the Solar System because:
• Galileo's work was more widely recognized during his time due to his conflict with the Catholic Church, which brought significant attention to his ideas and observations.
• Galileo was the first to use a telescope to observe celestial bodies, providing concrete evidence that supported the heliocentric model proposed by Copernicus.
• Galileo discovered the moons of Jupiter, proving that not everything orbits the Earth.
• While Copernicus laid the theoretical foundation, Galileo's observations provided crucial empirical evidence for the heliocentric model.
• Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) supported and expanded upon Copernicus's ideas using his observations made with the newly invented telescope.
• Thus, Copernicus is credited with discovering the heliocentric model of the Solar System, while Galileo provided key observational support.

Additional Information

• Newton:
  • The three laws of motion that Newton developed are the cornerstones of contemporary physics and are the reason he is most well-known.
  • Newton is well renowned for his mathematical and optical discoveries, such as the composition of white light.
• John Hadley:
  • In order to determine one's geographic location at sea, John Hadley created a quadrant that measures the height of the Sun or a star above the horizon.
• Galileo:
  • Galileo was an Italian physicist, engineer, and astronomer who was frequently referred to as a polymath.
  • He developed the thermoscope, created several military compasses, and made use of the telescope to make studies of celestial objects for science.
  • His contributions to observational astronomy include
    • the telescopic confirmation of Venus' phases,
    • study of Saturn's rings,
    • observation of Jupiter's four greatest satellites, and
    • research of the moon's craters and sunspots.

The correct answer is Degree of freedom.

Key Points

• The number of degrees of freedom is equal to the total number of independent aspects of moving a robot can perform.
• A machine robot may operate in two or three dimensions but have more than three degrees of freedom.
• The term is widely used to define the motion capabilities of robots.

The correct answer is Rover.

Key Points

• Rover is the name of NASA's research vehicle sent to Mars.
• Over the years, NASA has sent five robotic vehicles, called rovers, to Mars.
  • The names of the five rovers are: Sojourner, Spirit and Opportunity, Curiosity, and Perseverance.
• The Mars Perseverance rover mission is part of NASA's Mars Exploration Program, a long-term effort of robotic exploration of the Red Planet.
  • The Mars Perseverance mission addresses high-priority science goals for Mars exploration, including key questions about the potential for life on Mars.
• Perseverance Rover successfully landed on the Mars Planet on 18 February 2021.
  • A key objective for Perseverance’s mission on Mars was astrobiology, including the search for signs of ancient microbial life.
  • The rover characterizes the planet’s geology and past climate, paving the way for human exploration of the Red Planet, and be the first mission to collect and cache Martian rock and regolith.
• The Curosity Rover rover landed on Mars in 2012.
  • It reached with a primary mission to find out if Mars was suitable for life and made information available that there is the presence of biologically useful Nitrogen.

The correct answer is Option3. 

Key Points

• Doordarshan is an autonomous public service broadcaster funded by the Government of India.
• It is one of two divisions of Prasar Bharati.
• It is one of India's largest broadcasting organizations in terms of studio and transmitter infrastructure, having been established on 15 September 1959.
• Prasar Bharati is Doordarshan's parent body, and its board members are appointed by the Government of India through the Information and Broadcasting Ministry.
• Prasar Bharati is managed by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India).
• The Minister of Information and Broadcasting is Prakash Javadekar (2019 - present).​

Additional Information

• DD National is the first channel of Doordarshan and was started in 1959.
• DD Bharati is a channel of Doordarshan.  
  • It telecasts various cultural programmes and is dedicated to showing India's vast culture and traditions.
• Salma Sultan is an Indian television journalist and director.
  • She worked as a news anchor in Doordarshan from 1967 till 1997.

The correct answer is pollution.

Key Points 

Here are some points to explain why industrial development is associated with pollution:

•  Industrial development involves the establishment and growth of factories, power plants, and other facilities that produce goods and services on a large scale. These facilities require energy, raw materials, and other inputs, which are often extracted from the environment. As a result, industrial development can lead to various types of pollution, such as air pollution, water pollution, and soil pollution.
• Air pollution is caused by the emission of harmful gases and particles into the atmosphere from industrial processes such as the burning of fossil fuels, transportation, and manufacturing. This can lead to respiratory problems, heart disease, and other health issues for humans and animals.
•  Water pollution is caused by the release of toxic chemicals, heavy metals, and other contaminants into rivers, lakes, and oceans. This can harm aquatic life and make water unsafe for human consumption.
•  Soil pollution is caused by the accumulation of hazardous waste, pesticides, and other chemicals in the soil. This can affect the quality of crops and livestock, and also contaminate groundwater.

Additional Information

• Sustainable development is a concept that refers to the development of an economy that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. While industrial development can contribute to economic growth, it may not always be sustainable in the long run due to the environmental and social costs associated with it.
•  High revenue collection, refers to the financial benefits that can be generated by industrial development through taxes, fees, and other sources of income. While this can be a positive outcome, it should not be the sole focus of industrial development as it may come at the expense of the environment and public health.
•  Economic growth is often cited as a key benefit of industrial development as it can create jobs, increase productivity, and raise living standards. However, economic growth should not be pursued at the expense of environmental and social sustainability.

The correct answer is INSAT-2A.

Key Points

• INSAT:
  • INSAT is an acronym for Indian National Satellite System.
  • The first Satellite was launched on 10 April 1982.
  • It was India's first operational multipurpose communication and meteorology satellite. 
  • Various other INSAT satellites are as follows:

    • Satellite	Remarks
      INSAT-1B	Identical to INSAT-1A, It served for more than designated life of seven years
      INSAT-1D	Still in service. A third-stage motor landed from its launch, landed in Australia in 2008.
      INSAT-2DT	Launched as Arabsat 1C.
      INSAT 2A	The first satellite in the second-generation Indian-built INSAT-2 series.

Additional Information IRNSS

• IRNSS-1H will be the eighth in the Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS) series of satellites after IRNSS-1A, IRNSS-1B, IRNSS-1C, IRNSS-1D, IRNSS-1E, IRNSS-1F and IRNSS-1G.
• The satellite is last one of the eight IRNSS series constellation series of satellites slated to be launched to provide navigational services to the region.
• The satellite will be placed in geosynchronous orbit. It will be launched in August 31, 2017. IRNSS-1H is India's first satellite actively built by private firms which will be placed in earth's orbit.

IRS-1A

• It was the first of the series of India's indigenous remote sensing satellites
• It was successfully launched into a polar sun-synchronous orbit on March 17, 1988, from the Soviet Cosmodrome at Baikonur, Kazakhastan (erstwhile USSR).
• Launch vehicle: Vostok
• Orbit 904 km Polar Sun-synchronous.
• Mission: Operational Remote Sensing.
• Mission completed: July 1996.
• It carried two cameras, Linear Imaging Self Scanning Sensor (LISS) I and II with a field of view width of about 140 km during each pass over the country. 
• These sensors enabled India to map, monitor and manage its natural resources at coarse and medium spatial resolutions.
• Applications: Natural resources monitoring, Ocean and atmospheric studies and cartographic applications.
• It paved the way for the development of theme-based satellites like 
  • RESOURCE-SAT series and RISAT series;
  • OCEAN-SAT series, SARAL; and
  • CARTO-SAT series.

CMS-01

• CMS-01 is a communication satellite that will provide services in the Extended-C Band of the frequency spectrum, which would include the Indian mainland, Andaman and Nicobar, and Lakshadweep Islands.
• This is the 42nd communication satellite of India and it is expected to have a mission life of seven years.
• PSLV-C50 ejected CMS-01 into geosynchronous transfer orbit after 20 minutes into its flight and the satellite was taken up from there and positioned at geosynchronous stationary orbit. 
• The CMS-01 is a replacement for GSAT-12 that was launched in 2011 with a mission life of eight years.

The correct solution is Bengaluru. 

Key Points

• Smajda & Smajda strategic advisory firm in partnership with Karnataka Digital Economy Mission along with Catamaran Ventures and Tata Digital held the two day event of India Global Innovation Summit from June 2.
• Claude Smajda, President of Smajda & Smajda Advisory, said India now ranks 46th in the Global Innovation Index from 66th in 2016. He also said that India has the world's third-largest start-up ecosystem.
• Around 80 spokespeople from India and countries like Singapore, Germany, Israel, Switzerland, the US, Japan, and Korea will be present at the event.

Additional Information

•  Bengaluru has ranked 5th in the world for Artificial Intelligence, according to a report given by Harvard Business Review and measured by the TIDE Framework.
  • The report was published in the month of Dec 2021.
  • New Delhi ranked 18th, Hyderabad ranked 19th and Mumbai ranked 27th in terms of diversity of AI talent.
  • The top four cities were from USA.

The correct answer is Bluefin-21.

Key Points

•  Bluefin-21
  • ​It is the deep sea search vehicle used to locate the missing Malaysian MH 370 flight.
  • It is a highly modular autonomous Unmanned Underwater Vehicle (UUV) able to carry multiple sensors and payloads at once.
  • It boasts a high energy capacity that enables extended operations even at the greatest depths.
  • The Bluefin-21 has immense capability but is also flexible enough to operate from various ships of opportunity worldwide.
• The Bluefin-21 is ideal for a variety of applications, including:
  • Search and Salvage
  • Archaeology and Exploration
  • Oceanography
  • Mine Countermeasures (MCM)
  • Unexploded Ordnance (UXO)

The correct option is 2

Concept:

• Google launched the latest version of it’s Android operating system — Android Pie. Android Pie mostly focuses on behind-the-scenes improvements designed to make Android phones work faster while saving precious battery life.
• An over-the-air update to Android 9 will begin rolling out to Google’s Pixel phones.