Which of the following is a common condition that develops when a sticky substance called plaque accumulates inside your arteries, causing them to harden and narrow?

The correct answer is Atherosclerosis.

Key Points

•  Atherosclerosis, sometimes called "hardening of the arteries," occurs when fat, cholesterol and other substances build up in the walls of arteries.
• These deposits are called plaques. Over time, these plaques can narrow or completely block the arteries and cause problems throughout the body.
• High-fat diet, smoking, and obesity can cause atherosclerosis
• Coronary Artery Disease, often referred to as atherosclerosis, affects the vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle.
• It is caused by deposits of calcium, fat, cholesterol, and fibrous tissues, which make the lumen of arteries narrower.

Additional Information Multiple sclerosis:

• Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune inflammatory disease
• It affects the central nervous system's white matter
• It is mainly characterized by a relapsing or progressive course.
• Characterized by the appearance of patches of demyelination in the white matter of the CNS, generally starting in the optic nerve, spinal cord, or cerebellum.
• The myelin sheaths degenerate and the myelin is removed by the microglial cells. Astrocytes proliferate leading to the formation of the gliotic scar.
• As demyelination occurs the conduction of the nerve impulses in the axons is slowed and altered.

Hyperaldosteronism:

• The pathobiological effects of hyperaldosteronism on the cardiovascular system extend beyond increased intravascular fluid retention and volume overload.
• Hyperaldosteronism causes endothelial dysfunction and impairs vascular reactivity, in part, by decreasing vascular antioxidant capacity, increasing oxidant stress, and limiting bioavailable nitric oxide.
• Hyperaldosteronism also activates inflammation; alters fibrinolysis by increasing plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression; and promotes tissue fibrosis.
• Other adverse effects attributed to hyperaldosteronism that may influence cardiovascular function include sympathetic nervous system activation, decreased baroreceptor sensitivity, increased electrolyte excretion (K+, Mg+), and cardiomyocyte apoptosis.

Hypervitaminosis:

• It is a condition in which vitamins are stored in the body at a high level.
• Signs and symptoms of Hypervitaminosis:
  • Frequent urination and increased urine amount.
  • Irregular heartbeat.
  • Bones and joint pain.
  • Muscles pain
  • Stone formation in the urinary tract.
• People who get little or no vitamin C (below about 10 mg per day) for many weeks can get scurvy.
• Scurvy causes fatigue, inflammation of the gums, small red or purple spots on the skin, joint pain, poor wound healing, and corkscrew hairs.