Objective

This study aims to examine the morphological adaptations of two types of plants and animals (using models or virtual images) that are native to arid environments.

Materials Needed

Models or virtual images of two types of plants and animals that thrive in arid environments.

Findings

Arid Environment Plant Examples

Yucca

Agave

Key Morphological Features:

• Succulence : These plants possess unique cells that can store water, a valuable trait in moisture-deprived conditions.

• Modified Leaves : The leaves are transformed into spines, which help minimize water loss through transpiration.

• Stomata : These plants have fewer stomata, which are often found in sunken pits beneath the leaf surface.

• Coated, hairy and spiny exterior : The hair and spines scatter light to reduce the sun’s impact. The coated surface helps retain water.

• Surface-level Roots : These roots can quickly absorb and store water and can regenerate rapidly after rainfall.

Arid Environment Animal Examples

Kangaroo Rat

Fennec Fox

Key Morphological Features:

• These desert dwellers are poikilotherms, meaning they can regulate their internal body temperature to match their surroundings.

• They excrete nitrogenous waste as uric acid.

• They go into hibernation.

• These animals often reside in burrows to prevent water loss and excrete highly concentrated urine.

• The body temperature of Kangaroo Rats can increase by 7℃ in the late afternoon, reducing heat absorption from the environment. Their fur also helps minimize heat gain.

These adaptations enable them to conserve as much water as possible and equip them to survive without water when necessary.

Further Reading: Adaptation and Habitat

Organisms and Their Surroundings

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