MCQs on Virus - Multiple Choice Questions and Answers with PDF
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Virus MCQ Question and Answers
1. What components make up a virus?
(a) A protein shell and nucleic acid
(b) A protein shell and mitochondria
(c) Nucleic acid and cell membrane
(d) Nucleic acid, cell wall, and cell membrane
Answer: (a) A protein shell and nucleic acid.
2. What is the name for the protein shell of a virus that encloses the genetic material?
(a) Virion
(b) Capsid
(c) Peplomers
(d) Capsomers
Answer: (b) Capsid.
3. Which statement is true about a virion?
(a) It's a lytic phage
(b) It's a lysogenic phage
(c) It refers to the viral capsid
(d) It's an infectious and fully formed viral particle
Answer: (d) It's an infectious and fully formed viral particle.
4. What forms the genome of a virus?
(a) DNA
(b) RNA
(c) Either DNA or RNA
(d) Both DNA and RNA
Answer: (c) Either DNA or RNA.
5. Which is the largest known virus?
(a) Megavirus chilensis
(b) Arbovirus
(c) Herpesvirus
(d) Mumps virus
Answer: (a) Megavirus chilensis.
6. Which statement is true about capsomeres?
(a) They are individual units of the capsid
(b) They are viral proteins for replication
(c) They are units of nucleic acid in viruses
(d) All of the above
Answer: (a) They are individual units of the capsid.
7. Which statement is true about peplomeres?
(a) They are individual units of capsids
(b) They are spike-like projections on enveloped viruses
(c) They are projections on the viral membrane
(d) They are spike-like projections on capsids
Answer: (b) They are spike-like projections on enveloped viruses.
8. An icosahedral capsid is made up of what?
(a) Hexagonal capsomeres
(b) Pentagonal capsomeres
(c) Triangular capsomeres
(d) Both a and b
Answer: (d) Both a and b.
9. Which virus has complex symmetry?
(a) T4 bacteriophage
(b) Adenovirus
(c) Influenza virus
(d) All of the above
Answer: (a) T4 bacteriophage.
10. What is the viral envelope composed of?
(a) Proteins
(b) Glycoproteins
(c) Lipids and proteins
(d) All of the above
Answer: (d) All of the above.
11. Which of the following is a helical virus?
(a) TMV (Tobacco Mosaic Virus)
(b) T4 bacteriophage
(c) Poxvirus
(d) Herpesvirus
Answer: (a) TMV (Tobacco Mosaic Virus).
12. Which of the following statements is true about viruses?
(a) They are free-living
(b) Viruses are obligate parasites
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of the above
Answer: (b) Viruses are obligate parasites.
13. What is a fully formed infectious viral particle called?
(a) Virion
(b) Viroid
(c) Capsid
(d) Virusoid
Answer: (a) Virion.
14. What forms the genetic component of viruses?
(a) RNA
(b) DNA
(c) ss DNA
(d) Either DNA or RNA
Answer: (d) Either DNA or RNA.
15. What is the protein shell that envelops the viral genome called?
(a) Capsid
(b) Outer envelope
(c) Capsomere
(d) Nucleic
Answer: (a) Capsid.
16. Which of the following statements is true about the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)?
(a) It's an RNA virus
(b) It's a DNA virus
(c) It's a bacteriophage(d) It's either ss DNA or ds DNA
Answer: (a) It's an RNA virus.
17. What is the shape of the TMV (Tobacco Mosaic Virus)?
(a) Rod-shaped
(b) Egg-shaped
(c) Cuboid-shaped
(d) Sphere-shaped
Answer: (a) Rod-shaped.
18. What are viruses that infect bacteria called?
(a) Virophage
(b) Lysophage
(c) Bacteriophage
(d) None of the above
Answer: (c) Bacteriophage.
19. What type of phage is the T2 phage?
(a) ss DNA phage
(b) ss RNA phage
(c) ds DNA phage
(d) ds RNA phage
Answer: (c) ds DNA phage.
20. What are bacteriophages that cause bacterial cell lysis called?
(a) Viroids
(b) Lysogenic phages
(c) Virulent phages
(d) Temperate phages
Answer: (c) Virulent phages.
21. Which virus has the smallest genome?
(a) Rabies virus
(b) Circovirus
(c) Herpesvirus
(d) Mimivirus
Answer: (b) Circovirus.
22. What are infectious RNA particles without a protein coat called?
(a) Prion
(b) Virion
(c) Viroid
(d) Virusoid
Answer: (c) Viroid.
23. What are the spike-like projections on the viral capsid known as?
(a) Viroid
(b) Proteomes
(c) Peplomers
(d) Capsomeres
Answer: (c) Peplomers.
24. What is the term for the viral genome inserted into bacterial DNA?
(a) Lysogeny
(b) Prophage
(c) Lytic cycle
(d) Virulent phage
Answer: (b) Prophage.
25. What are the main functions of the capsid?
(a) It determines the antigenic specificity of the virus
(b) It protects genetic material from nuclease attack
(c) Both A and B
(d) None of these
Answer: (c) Both A and B.
26. Which virus causes AIDS in humans?
(a) HSV
(b) HPV
(c) HIV
(d) HBV
Answer: (c) HIV.
27. Which enzyme is responsible for reverse transcription in retroviruses?
(a) RNA polymerase
(b) Reverse transcriptase
(c) DNA ligase
(d) Helicase
Answer: (b) Reverse transcriptase.
28. Which of the following viruses has an envelope?
(a) TMV
(b) Rabies virus
(c) Adenovirus
(d) None of the above
Answer: (b) Rabies virus.
29. What is the genetic material in most plant viruses?
(a) ds RNA
(b) ss DNA
(c) ss RNA
(d) ds DNA
Answer: (c) ss RNA.
30. What is the function of glycoproteins on the viral envelope?
(a) DNA synthesis
(b) Host recognition and attachment
(c) Replication
(d) Capsid formation
Answer: (b) Host recognition and attachment.
31. Which disease is caused by the Hepatitis B virus?
(a) Liver cirrhosis
(b) AIDS
(c) Rabies
(d) Influenza
Answer: (a) Liver cirrhosis.
32. Which virus causes chickenpox?
(a) Varicella-zoster virus
(b) Rubella virus
(c) Measles virus
(d) Cytomegalovirus
Answer: (a) Varicella-zoster virus.
33. Which of the following is a DNA virus?
(a) TMV
(b) HIV
(c) Herpesvirus
(d) Influenza virus
Answer: (c) Herpesvirus.
34. What type of nucleic acid does a retrovirus contain?
(a) ds DNA
(b) ss RNA
(c) ds RNA
(d) ss DNA
Answer: (b) ss RNA.
35. Which virus is used as a vector in gene therapy?
(a) HIV
(b) Adenovirus
(c) TMV
(d) Rabies virus
Answer: (b) Adenovirus.
36. What does a lytic virus do to its host cell?
(a) Integrates into host DNA
(b) Kills it by causing cell lysis
(c) Converts it into a bacterium
(d) Changes its function permanently
Answer: (b) Kills it by causing cell lysis.
37. What type of virus is HPV (Human Papillomavirus)?
(a) RNA virus
(b) Retrovirus
(c) DNA virus
(d) Prion
Answer: (c) DNA virus.
38. What is a prion?
(a) A DNA virus
(b) A proteinaceous infectious agent
(c) An RNA virus
(d) A bacterial enzyme
Answer: (b) A proteinaceous infectious agent.
39. Which virus is known for latency and reactivation?
(a) Herpes Simplex Virus
(b) HIV
(c) Influenza virus
(d) Dengue virus
Answer: (a) Herpes Simplex Virus.
40. Which virus causes polio?
(a) Poliovirus
(b) Rubella virus
(c) Hepatitis C virus
(d) Dengue virus
Answer: (a) Poliovirus.
41. In which of the following does viral replication occur in the cytoplasm?
(a) Herpesvirus
(b) Influenza virus
(c) TMV
(d) HIV
Answer: (c) TMV.
42. Which virus affects the nervous system and is transmitted by animals?
(a) Rabies virus
(b) Polio virus
(c) Rotavirus
(d) Measles virus
Answer: (a) Rabies virus.
43. Which structure helps a bacteriophage inject its DNA into a bacterial cell?
(a) Head
(b) Tail sheath
(c) Capsid
(d) Envelope
Answer: (b) Tail sheath.
44. What is the incubation period of the HIV virus before symptoms appear?
(a) 1–2 days
(b) 3–4 weeks
(c) Months to years
(d) Immediately after infection
Answer: (c) Months to years.
45. Which of the following viruses causes dengue fever?
(a) Flavivirus
(b) Coronavirus
(c) Togavirus
(d) Rhabdovirus
Answer: (a) Flavivirus.
46. Which virus primarily affects the liver?
(a) Hepatitis B
(b) HIV
(c) Herpesvirus
(d) Adenovirus
Answer: (a) Hepatitis B.
47. Which of the following is not a feature of viruses?
(a) Metabolism
(b) Replication in host
(c) Nucleic acid
(d) Protein coat
Answer: (a) Metabolism.
48. What is the name of the process by which viruses multiply inside host cells?
(a) Budding
(b) Binary fission
(c) Lytic or lysogenic cycle
(d) Sporulation
Answer: (c) Lytic or lysogenic cycle.
49. Which virus caused the COVID-19 pandemic?
(a) MERS-CoV
(b) SARS-CoV-2
(c) Influenza A
(d) SARS-CoV-1
Answer: (b) SARS-CoV-2.
50. Which virus causes measles?
(a) Morbillivirus
(b) Rubella virus
(c) Rhabdovirus
(d) Enterovirus
Answer: (a) Morbillivirus.
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Frequently Asked Questions
What is a virus made up of?
A virus is made up of a protein coat and nucleic acid.
What is the protein coat of viruses called?
The protein coat of viruses that enclose the genetic material is called Capsid.
What is the genome of the virus?
The genome of the virus can be either DNA or RNA.
What is the largest virus?
The largest virus is Megavirus chilensis.
What is a fully formed infectious viral particle called?
A fully formed infectious viral particle is called a Virion.
What is the genetic constituent of viruses?
The genetic constituent of viruses can be either DNA or RNA.
What is the viral genome enveloped in?
The viral genome is enveloped in a protein coat known as Capsid.
What are viruses that attack bacteria called?
Viruses that attack bacteria are called Bacteriophage.
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