Which of the following techniques is used for food preservation? 

The correct answer is Canning, pasteurization, freezing, irradiation.

Key Points

• Canning is a food preservation method that involves placing foods in jars or similar containers and heating them to a temperature that destroys microorganisms that cause food spoilage.
• Pasteurization is a process where food, usually liquid, is heated to a specific temperature for a definite length of time and then cooled immediately to slow microbial growth.
• Freezing involves lowering the temperature of food to below the freezing point to inhibit the growth of microorganisms and slow down enzyme activity, effectively preserving the food.
• Irradiation uses ionizing radiation to eliminate bacteria and other pathogens from food, extending its shelf life and ensuring its safety.

Additional Information

• Drying is one of the oldest methods of food preservation, which involves removing water from the food, inhibiting the growth of microorganisms.
• Fermentation is a biochemical process involving the conversion of carbohydrates to alcohol or organic acids using microorganisms under anaerobic conditions, beneficial in preserving and enhancing the nutritional value of food.
• Pickling involves preserving food in an edible, antimicrobial liquid, typically vinegar or brine, to extend its shelf life.
• Vacuum sealing is a method of packaging that removes air from the package prior to sealing, which helps to preserve the food by limiting the growth of aerobic bacteria or fungi.
• Salting (also known as curing) is the process of preserving food with the use of salt, which inhibits the growth of spoilage-causing microorganisms by drawing water out of the cells of both the food and microorganisms.