The lava plateaus are rich in which kind of soil?

The correct answer is Black Soil .

Key Points

• After a volcanic eruption, weathering and cooling of lava (igneous rocks) result in the formation of black soil.
• Black basalt soil, which is abundant in humus and iron and also contains high grade magnesia, lime, and alumina, makes up the soil in the Deccan Plateau.
• The Deccan trap region, which is distributed across the northwest Deccan plateau, is home to black soil, which is also referred to as regur soil.
• It is best suited for growing cotton because it is composed of lava flow.
• In addition to the weathering or cracking of igneous rocks, the cooling or solidification of lava following a volcano eruption also contributes to the formation of black soil.
• As a result, it is also known as lava soil.

Additional Information

• These eruptions are silent because the lava has a low viscosity, making it highly fluid and containing few trapped gases.
• The sheet lava flows that follow may be extruded from rifts or linear fissures, massive volcanic eruptions, or many vents that are reminiscent of the prehistoric epoch when large flood basalts were formed.
• The original environment is eventually covered by numerous successive, large lava flows, creating a plateau that could have lava fields, cinder cones, shield volcanoes, and other volcanic structures. 
• The ability to support rooted plants in a natural environment or the presence of horizons, or layers, that are distinguishable from the initial material as a result of additions, losses, transfers, and transformations of energy and matter are two characteristics of soil, a natural body made up of solids (minerals and organic matter), liquids, and gases that occurs on the land surface and occupies space.
• Laterite soil: 
  • ​Both laterite and laterite rocks are frequently used interchangeably.
  • There have been suggestions for the name to be completely dropped due to this as well as more variance in the ways that laterite is conceptualized (such as also as a whole weathering profile or theory about weathering).
  • At least a few regolith development experts have thought that the name has become the subject of hopeless misunderstanding. There is a lot of material that resembles Indian laterite all around the world.
• Alluvial soil: 
  • ​The other soil-forming elements affect the final soil qualities as alluvial soils mature over time.
  • Alluvial soils frequently comprise layers of alluvium that were deposited consecutively and/or in fining-upward processes, making them highly stratified.
  • Every time there is flooding, new alluvium is deposited on the soil in active floodplains.
  • Each event will drop a different amount of alluvium.
  • The rate at which small amounts of material are deposited on the soil can be scarcely noticeable and quickly assimilated into the underlying surface horizon relies on the temperature and biota.
  • Subsequent soils can be totally buried by additional alluvium in larger quantities.
• Red soil: 
  • ​About 13% of the soils on Earth are red soil, a type of soil that often forms in warm, temperate, and humid areas.
  • On top of a red layer of alluvium, it has thin organic and organic-mineral layers of heavily leached soil.
  • Large levels of clay are typically present in red soils, which are typically the result of old crystalline and metamorphic rock weathering. Because of their high iron concentration, they have a deep red colour that can range from reddish brown to reddish yellow, hence their name.
  • Depending on how it is handled, red soil can be either good or terrible for growing anything.