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Difference Between Process and Thread in Computer Science

Last Updated on Jul 31, 2023

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In the realm of computer science, the terms process and thread play crucial roles. A process can be defined as a program in action, while a thread is the smallest unit of instruction that a scheduler can manage independently. Let's delve into the contrasting aspects of a process and a thread.

Defining Process
A process is essentially what we call a program when it's in execution. It enables the execution of all pertinent tasks within a program. The operating system plays a significant role in the creation, planning, scheduling, and termination of processes, which are utilized by the CPU.

Understanding Thread
A thread, in computer science parlance, is the smallest unit of instruction capable of independent management by a scheduler.

Process vs Thread: The Differences

S.No Process Thread

1. A process is referred to as a program in execution. A thread is a segment of a process.

2. It requires more time to terminate. It can be stopped in less time.

3. It demands more time for work and conception. It requires less time for work and conception.

4. Context switching is more time-consuming in this case. Context switching is less time-consuming here.

5. Its effectiveness in terms of communication is limited. It excels in terms of communication.

6. It consumes more resources. It uses fewer resources.

7. It is a heavyweight process. It is a lightweight process.

8. If one process is blocked, it will not affect the operation of another process. If one thread is blocked, it will hamper the execution of another process.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is a process in computer science?

When a program is under execution, then it is known as a process. A process allows you to execute all the relevant tasks in a program with the help of the operating system.

What is a thread in computer science?

A thread is the smallest segment of instructions that can be handled independently by a scheduler.

What are the key differences between a process and a thread?

The key differences include the time they take to stop, the resources they consume, their effectiveness in communication, and their impact on the execution of other processes or threads.

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S.No	Process	Thread
1.	A process is referred to as a program in execution.	A thread is a segment of a process.
2.	It requires more time to terminate.	It can be stopped in less time.
3.	It demands more time for work and conception.	It requires less time for work and conception.
4.	Context switching is more time-consuming in this case.	Context switching is less time-consuming here.
5.	Its effectiveness in terms of communication is limited.	It excels in terms of communication.
6.	It consumes more resources.	It uses fewer resources.
7.	It is a heavyweight process.	It is a lightweight process.
8.	If one process is blocked, it will not affect the operation of another process.	If one thread is blocked, it will hamper the execution of another process.