The human body is a complex system, and one of its most crucial functions is its ability to prevent excessive blood loss after an injury. This process, known as blood coagulation or clotting, involves the transformation of plasma-based inactive fibrinogens into fibrins. This transformation is facilitated by an enzyme known as thrombin, which originates from prothrombin, an inactive component found in plasma.
Prothrombin, a type of glycoprotein (a complex of carbohydrate and protein) present in blood plasma, plays a vital role in the blood-clotting process. It is converted into thrombin by a clotting factor known as factor X, or prothrombinase. Once activated, thrombin then transforms fibrinogen into fibrin. When fibrin combines with platelets found in blood, it forms a clot, preventing further blood loss. This process is also known as coagulation.
A deficiency in prothrombin can lead to prolonged bleeding, a condition known as hypoprothrombinemia. This condition is often associated with a lack of vitamin K, a nutrient that liver cells need to produce prothrombin. Without sufficient vitamin K, the liver may not produce enough prothrombin, making it harder for the body to form blood clots.
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