Leadership in Education MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Leadership in Education - Download Free PDF

Instructional leadership is a critical aspect of effective school management, emphasizing the improvement of teaching and learning processes.

Key Points

•  The primary focus of instructional leadership is improving teaching and learning practices.
• Instructional leaders, such as principals and academic coordinators, work to enhance student achievement by mentoring teachers, developing curriculum strategies, and using data-driven methods to improve classroom instruction.
• They observe teaching practices, provide constructive feedback, and ensure that educators have access to professional development opportunities.
• By fostering a culture of continuous learning, instructional leaders help in refining teaching methodologies and boosting student performance.

Thus, it is concluded that Instructional leadership primarily focuses on improving teaching and learning practices.

Ogburn theory of Cultural lag

• The most difference between material culture and non- material culture is known as cultural lag. 
• Cultural lag occurs whenever there is an unequal rate of change between different parts of culture causing a gap between material and non-material culture. 
• According to sociologists William F. Ogburn, cultural lag is a common societal phenomenon due to the tendency of material culture to evolve and change rapidly and voluminously while non-material culture tends to resist change and remain fixed for a far longer period of time.
• His theory of cultural lag suggests that a period of maladjustment occurs when the non-material culture is struggling to adapt to new material conditions.

Conclusion: From the above discussion, we can conclude that option (2) is correct.

Leadership plays a crucial role in the functioning and success of a group.

Key Points

• Identification of leadership pattern is very important in group mobilisation because mobilization involves bringing people together for a common cause or action.
• Effective leadership ensures that group members are motivated, coordinated, and directed towards achieving shared goals.
• Whether in social movements, community development, or organizational settings, strong leadership patterns help in uniting individuals and driving collective action.

Thus, it is concluded that Identification of leadership pattern is very important in group mobilisation.

Hint

• Disbursement refers to distributing funds or resources.
• Running a group is important, but before operational management, mobilization is necessary to form and activate the group.
• Satisfaction is an outcome of good leadership but not directly related to identifying leadership patterns.

Leadership styles define how decisions are made within an organization or group.

Key Points

• Laissez-Faire leadership is a style in which the leader allows employees to make decisions independently.
• In this approach, the leader provides minimal guidance and gives team members the autonomy to manage their tasks. It is based on trust, assuming that employees are capable of making responsible decisions.
• This style is often effective in teams of highly skilled and self-motivated professionals, as it encourages creativity, innovation, and self-direction.

Thus, it is concluded that The leader allows the employees to make the decisions in Laissez Faire leadership.

Hint

• Autocratic leadership is the opposite, where the leader makes all decisions without employee input.
• Democratic leadership involves shared decision-making, but the leader still plays an active role in guiding and facilitating discussions.

The correct answer is - Out-group

Key Points

• Out-group
  • According to the leader-member exchange theory, relationships between leaders and members are categorized into high-quality and low-quality exchanges.
  • Members who experience low-quality exchanges are considered to be part of the Out-group.
  • These members typically have limited interaction with the leader and receive fewer opportunities and support.

Additional Information

• Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory
  • LMX theory emphasizes the dyadic relationship between leaders and each of their followers.
  • The theory suggests that leaders develop unique relationships with each member, which can impact job satisfaction and performance.
• High-Quality Exchanges
  • Members in the In-group have high-quality exchanges, characterized by trust, respect, and mutual obligation.
  • These members often receive more support, resources, and recognition from their leader.
• Implications of Low-Quality Exchanges
  • Members in the Out-group might experience lower morale and job dissatisfaction.
  • This can affect their overall work performance and motivation.

The correct answer is C, A, E, D, B.

Key PointsThe position, permission, production, people development, and pinnacle levels of leadership according to John Maxwell. Each level is associated with a certain action that generates followers. Using the expertise and data he's accumulated over the course of 40 years as a successful leader, the best-selling book created six different stages of leadership.​

Important Points5 Levels of Leadership

1. Position: An individual is given the authority to lead by a leader. Because of this, people don't follow them because they are influential but rather because they are ordered to.
2. Permission: Focus is placed on developing and maintaining relationships with the team. As a result, they are given unrestricted authority to lead by their teammates.
3. Production: When a leader achieves Level 3, they start to concentrate on improving results. People then follow them because they believe the individual is competent and will guide them in the proper route.
4. People Development: The servant leaders who get to Level Four mentor, teach, and multiply other leaders. People are drawn to them and stay with them because they are aware of their beneficial impact on the lives of those around them.
5. Pinnacle: The rarest kind of leaders, Level Five leaders are highly renowned for their successes, the ways in which they have improved the lives of others, and the ways in which they have inspired their organisations to improve the world. Because of who they are, what they have accomplished, and what they stand for to the public, these leaders have followers.

Leadership is defined as the activity of influencing people to cooperate towards some goal that they come to find desirable. This definition may be elaborated further. There are at least four distinct factors in the definition.

• First, it is useful to explain the way by which people rise to leadership.
• Second, the process of influencing requires study.
• Third, the nature of goals that people will find desirable has to be analyzed. And
• fourth, the qualities exhibited by leaders in action can be considered. 

Key PointsLeithwood and Duke in 1999 examining research on the roles and responsibilities of school leaders identified the following areas:

• ​Instructional Leadership: Instructional leadership is most commonly associated with school principals who manage curriculums, budgeting, and scheduling and are responsible for the success of each student in their schools.
• Transformational Leadership: Transformational leadership concerns itself with change and hence the school leader's role here is seen in precipitating the envisioned change. The teachers and others in the organization and the leader are together in this process of bringing about change for higher purposes and for the betterment of the school.
• Moral Leadership: Moral leadership provides a value or meaning for people to live by, inspiration to act, and motivation to hold oneself accountable. When you don't see someone stepping up to provide purpose and doing what is best for someone stepping up.
• Participative Leadership: Participative leadership is also known as democratic leadership. It allows members to contribute ideas and participate in decision-making.
• Contingent Leadership: Regarding this theory, good leader-member relations show acceptance of the leader by the group details of the task spelled out to the leader's position, and a great deal of authority and power is formally attributed to the leader's position. When the situation is very favorable or very unfavorable to the leader, the task-oriented leader is effective. When the situation is moderately favorable to the leader the person-oriented leader is effective.  

​​Hence, we can conclude that transformational is a leadership function identified by Leithwood and Duke.

Hint

•  Immoral leadership is not introduced by Leithwood and Duke.

Leadership may be defined as a process of influencing group activities towards certain goals.

It is the activity of influencing people to strive willingly for group objectives".

Key Points The characteristic of leadership include -

• It is a continuous process whereby the leader influences, guides and directs the behaviors of others. 
• Leadership involves people fully in a great project.
• It defines objectives, goals, and outcomes.
• It guides and directs other people and provides purpose and direction to their efforts.

Hence we conclude that the characteristics of Leadership include involving people fully in a great project and defining objectives, goals, and outcomes.

Additional Information

There are a number of theories that provide explanations regarding various aspects of the leadership phenomenon-

• Trait Theory - It determines the traits of a leader as physically strong and well-built, intelligent, honest, and mentally mature.
• Behavioral Theories: These are based on the belief that leaders can be identified by reference to their behavior in relation to their followers.
• Situational Theories: In the situational theories of leadership the success of leadership depends upon the situation in which the leader operates.

​Hence, the correct answer is Option 1.

​Values provide the basic foundation for understanding a person’s attitudes, perceptions, and personality. Values contain judgmental elements as to what is right, good, or desirable. Values have both content and intensity attributes. The content attribute describes- what is important; the intensity attribute describes- how much is it important.

• When an individual’s values are ranked in terms of their intensity, we obtain that person’s value system. A value system is a hierarchy based on a ranking of an individual’s values in terms of their intensity.
• However, everyone does not hold the same values.
• Edward Spranger defines values as the constellation of likes, dislikes, viewpoints, shoulds, inner inclinations, rational and irrational judgments, prejudices, and association patterns that determine a person’s view of the world.
• M. Rokeach defines values, as a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence, It is important to study values, as it influences attitudes, perceptions, motivation, evaluations, interpersonal relationships, behaviour, conflict-handling styles, leadership patterns, etc. In nutshell, values are at the core of the bahaviour pattern of an individual.

​Important Points​

The correct answer is - Out-group

Key Points

• Out-group
  • According to the leader-member exchange theory, relationships between leaders and members are categorized into high-quality and low-quality exchanges.
  • Members who experience low-quality exchanges are considered to be part of the Out-group.
  • These members typically have limited interaction with the leader and receive fewer opportunities and support.

Additional Information

• Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory
  • LMX theory emphasizes the dyadic relationship between leaders and each of their followers.
  • The theory suggests that leaders develop unique relationships with each member, which can impact job satisfaction and performance.
• High-Quality Exchanges
  • Members in the In-group have high-quality exchanges, characterized by trust, respect, and mutual obligation.
  • These members often receive more support, resources, and recognition from their leader.
• Implications of Low-Quality Exchanges
  • Members in the Out-group might experience lower morale and job dissatisfaction.
  • This can affect their overall work performance and motivation.

Therefore, the correct match is A - III, B - I, C - IV, and D - II.

The skill of inspiring a group of individuals to take action in pursuit of a common objective is known as leadership. Decisiveness, determination, interpersonal and organizational aptitude, loyalty self-efficacy, and self-discipline are considered, some of the attributes of effective leaders.

Key PointsThe skill of leadership is as follows:-

• High communication: It is very important for a leader to have a clear idea about what she wants to say and how to say it. Good communication is needed for understanding, cooperation, and unified action.
• High relationship skill:- It is very important for a leader to have a good relationship with his followers.
• High work-organization skill:- It is very important for a leader to organize the work. The work assigned to the subordinate must be defined and
  should be recorded because clear-cut directions leader enables the subordinates to function properly.
• Cooperation and Coordination: As a part of effective leadership, cooperation and coordination among the leaders and the subordinate employees are essential. If the leader keeps the group informed,  the subordinates feel satisfied, and also the group will cooperate with the leader.

The correct answer is Both statements I and II are correct.

• a shared set of basic principles among all employees that is alive and well. A culture that is shaped by unambiguous norms that serve as a foundation and guiding principles for activity, decision-making, and a feeling of value.
• Values are suggested, discussed, and defined by the management in a value-based organisation while taking human involvement and ethical values into account. People's perspectives on the ideals of organisations are therefore very similar, and success may be attained with ease.

Hence the correct answer is  Both statements I and II are correct.

The correct option Higher social status

Key Points Transactional Analysis 

• Founded by Eric Berne during the 1960s
• It is a psychometric theory and method of therapy wherein social interactions are analyzed to determine the ego state of the communicator

Important Points They're mainly focusing on three ego states that are

1. Child ego
2. parent ego
3. Adult ego

• The child represents brain recordings of internal events that are directly linked to the external events
• Parent ego where the recording of external events observed and experienced by the child from birth to the proximity of five of life.
• The adult's final ego state is the period in which the child develops the capacity to perceive and understand the situation that is different from what he has observed

Hence the correct answer is Higher social status.