According to the leader-member exchange theory, the sub-group of Low-quality exchanges is viewed as: 

The correct answer is - Out-group

Key Points

• Out-group
  • According to the leader-member exchange theory, relationships between leaders and members are categorized into high-quality and low-quality exchanges.
  • Members who experience low-quality exchanges are considered to be part of the Out-group.
  • These members typically have limited interaction with the leader and receive fewer opportunities and support.

Additional Information

• Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory
  • LMX theory emphasizes the dyadic relationship between leaders and each of their followers.
  • The theory suggests that leaders develop unique relationships with each member, which can impact job satisfaction and performance.
• High-Quality Exchanges
  • Members in the In-group have high-quality exchanges, characterized by trust, respect, and mutual obligation.
  • These members often receive more support, resources, and recognition from their leader.
• Implications of Low-Quality Exchanges
  • Members in the Out-group might experience lower morale and job dissatisfaction.
  • This can affect their overall work performance and motivation.