Changes and Development in India MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Changes and Development in India - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is - i-b, ii-c, iii-a, iv-d

Key Points

• 1959 - Television for rural development
  • During this period, television began to be used as a tool for rural development and educational purposes.
  • Governments and organizations started recognizing the potential of TV to reach remote areas with educational content.
• 1980s - Rapid TV commercialization
  • The 1980s saw a significant growth in the commercialization of television.
  • TV became more accessible to the masses, and advertising revenues started to rise substantially.
• 1990s - Cable television growth
  • The 1990s marked the rapid expansion and popularity of cable television.
  • Cable TV brought a wider range of channels and more diverse programming to viewers.
• Post-2000s - Expansion of internet and digital media
  • Post-2000s, the internet and digital media started to dominate the landscape.
  • Digital media and internet technologies revolutionized how content was produced, distributed, and consumed.

Additional Information

• Television for rural development
  • Initiatives like India's SITE (Satellite Instructional Television Experiment) in the 1970s were pivotal.
  • Such projects aimed to improve literacy and agricultural productivity through educational TV programs.
• Rapid TV commercialization
  • The introduction of private channels and the deregulation of broadcasting contributed to this growth.
  • Commercial TV became a major entertainment source, influencing culture and consumer behavior.
• Cable television growth
  • Cable TV networks expanded rapidly, providing viewers with more choices and higher quality content.
  • It facilitated the growth of niche channels catering to specific interests and demographics.
• Expansion of internet and digital media
  • The rise of social media, streaming services, and digital news platforms transformed media consumption.
  • Traditional TV faced competition from online platforms like YouTube, Netflix, and social media sites.

The correct answer is - i-b, ii-c, iii-d, iv-a

Key Points

• Badli Worker
  • A Badli Worker is a substitute for a permanent worker who is temporarily absent.
  • The term is associated with temporary or provisional employment status.
• Jobber
  • A Jobber is responsible for recruiting workers for a factory or an industrial establishment.
  • They often act as intermediaries between employers and workers.
• Contract Work
  • Contract Work refers to work performed under a contract without regular employee status.
  • This type of employment typically lacks the benefits and security of permanent positions.
• Fordism
  • Fordism is a system of mass production that emphasizes efficiency and standardization.
  • It was developed by Henry Ford and is characterized by assembly line production.

Additional Information

• Labor Market Terms
  • Permanent Worker
    • A worker with a long-term employment contract, typically with benefits and job security.
  • Casual Worker
    • Employed on an as-needed basis, often without the benefits and job security of permanent workers.
  • Outsourcing
    • Contracting out certain business functions or operations to third-party providers to reduce costs and increase efficiency.
  • Industrial Relations
    • The study and practice of managing the workforce and maintaining employer-employee relationships in an industrial setting.
    • Key components include collective bargaining, labor laws, and dispute resolution.

The correct answer is - Newspapers and radio followed by television and the internet

Key Points

• Newspapers
  • Newspapers were one of the earliest forms of mass media in India, with a history dating back to the 18th century.
  • The first newspaper in India was the "Hicky's Bengal Gazette," launched in 1780.
• Radio
  • Radio broadcasting began in India in the 1920s.
  • All India Radio (AIR) was established in 1936 and became a significant medium for news and entertainment.
• Television
  • Television was introduced in India in 1959 with experimental broadcasts.
  • Doordarshan, the national television service, was launched in 1976 and became a major source of information and entertainment.
• Internet
  • The internet emerged as a new medium in the 1990s and rapidly gained popularity.
  • It has since become a dominant platform for news, communication, and entertainment.

Additional Information

• Print Media
  • Print media includes newspapers, magazines, and journals.
  • It has played a crucial role in educating and informing the public.
• Broadcast Media
  • Broadcast media includes radio and television.
  • It allows for the dissemination of information to a wide audience quickly and efficiently.
• Digital Media
  • Digital media encompasses online news portals, social media, and streaming services.
  • It offers interactive and real-time communication and has revolutionized the way people consume information.
• Media Regulation
  • In India, various regulatory bodies oversee different media types, such as the Press Council of India for print media and the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting for broadcast media.
  • Regulations aim to ensure responsible and ethical media practices.

The correct answer is - It can reach very large numbers of people

Key Points

• Mass media
  • Refers to communication channels that are designed to reach a large audience.
  • Examples include television, radio, newspapers, and internet platforms.
  • It is characterized by the ability to disseminate information to millions of people simultaneously.
  • Contrast with personal communication methods like one-on-one conversations or small group communications.

Additional Information

• Traditional forms of mass media
  • Include newspapers, magazines, radio, and television.
  • These forms have been historically significant in shaping public opinion and distributing information.
• Modern forms of mass media
  • Include internet-based platforms such as social media, blogs, and online news portals.
  • These platforms have increased the speed and reach of information dissemination.
  • They allow for interactive communication and real-time updates.
• Impact of mass media
  • Influences public perception and attitudes.
  • Plays a crucial role in political campaigns, advertising, and social movements.
  • Can be a tool for education and awareness on various issues.

The correct answer is - i-c, ii-b, iii-d, iv-a

Key Points

• Deindustrialization (i)
  • Refers to the decline of Indian manufacturing industries during British rule.
  • The British policies favored the import of British goods and led to the collapse of traditional Indian industries such as textiles.
• Forest Acts (ii)
  • These acts were introduced by the British to control and regulate the use of forests.
  • They affected pastoralists' access to forest resources, which were crucial for their livelihoods.
• Tea Plantations (iii)
  • The establishment of tea plantations began in Assam under British rule.
  • This led to the large-scale cultivation and export of tea, making it a significant part of the colonial economy.
• Swadeshi Movement (iv)
  • The movement aimed to promote the use of Indian goods and boycott British products.
  • It was a key part of the Indian independence movement, emphasizing self-reliance and indigenous industries.

Additional Information

• Economic Impact of British Rule
  • The British colonial policies were designed to serve British economic interests, leading to the exploitation of Indian resources.
  • India became a supplier of raw materials and a market for British manufactured goods, leading to a significant trade imbalance.
• Social and Cultural Impact
  • The introduction of English education and Western ideas influenced Indian society and culture.
  • It led to the emergence of a new educated middle class that played a crucial role in the freedom struggle.
• Agricultural Policies
  • The British introduced new land revenue systems such as the Permanent Settlement, which impacted traditional agricultural practices and led to the impoverishment of peasants.
  • Commercialization of agriculture was promoted, focusing on cash crops like cotton, tea, and indigo.

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

• The Green Revolution refers to a period of significant agricultural transformation that took place in India in the mid-20th century.
• The introduction of high-yielding varieties of wheat and rice, along with the use of modern irrigation techniques and chemical fertilizers, played a crucial role in increasing agricultural productivity.
• The Green Revolution was primarily led by agricultural scientists and policymakers, with the support of the Indian government. 
• One of the key figures associated with the Green Revolution in India is Dr. M.S. Swaminathan, an eminent agricultural scientist. His research and efforts in developing high-yielding crop varieties helped revolutionize Indian agriculture. 
• The implementation of the Green Revolution resulted in significant increases in agricultural production, particularly in wheat and rice.

The correct answer is It covered the period of the 1980s.Key Points

• Period: The second phase of the Green Revolution was introduced in the 1980s.
• Second Phase: The second phase did involve the introduction of new technologies in areas with irrigation facilities.
• Technological Introduction: The Green Revolution was a period of increased agricultural productivity in the mid-20th century, largely due to the introduction of new technologies, such as high-yielding crop varieties, irrigation, and fertilizers.

Additional Information

• The first phase of the Green Revolution occurred in the 1960s and 1970s.
• During this period, only certain states such as Punjab, Haryana, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, etc. were using HYV seeds.
• The second phase of the Green Revolution did involve the introduction of new technologies in areas with irrigation facilities.
• The Second Green Revolution refers to the shift in agricultural production that is generally accepted as being required to feed and support the planet's expanding population.
• These calls were prompted, among other things, by concerns about peak oil and rising food commodity prices.
• Punjab and Uttar Pradesh were two of the regions where the Green Revolution was first introduced in India.

The correct answer is Wheat, rice.Key Points

• The first phase of the Green Revolution was focused on increasing the yield of wheat and rice crops.
• Wheat and rice were chosen because they are staple food crops in many parts of the world.
• The regions where the Green Revolution was implemented include South Asia, Mexico, and parts of South America.
• The Green Revolution aimed to increase food production and reduce poverty by introducing high-yielding crop varieties, modern farming techniques, and irrigation systems.

Additional Information

• The Green Revolution was a period of agricultural innovation that began in the 1940s and continued through the 1960s and 1970s.
• The term "Green Revolution" was coined by William Gaud, a director at the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), in 1968.
• The Green Revolution had a significant impact on global food production and helped to alleviate hunger and poverty in many developing countries.
• In addition to wheat and rice, the Green Revolution also led to the development of high-yielding varieties of other crops, including maize, sorghum, and soybeans.

​​The correct answer is option i and ii.

Key Points

• Sir William Gaud, a British economist, first used the term "Green Revolution" in a 1968 speech to describe the rapid increase in agricultural productivity in Asia and Latin America.
• Norman Borlaug, an American plant scientist, is widely regarded as the Father of Green Revolution for his pioneering work in developing new wheat varieties that were resistant to disease and had higher yields.

Additional Information

• The Green Revolution refers to a period of significant agricultural productivity growth that occurred in the 1960s and 1970s, mainly in developing countries.
• It involved the introduction of high-yielding crop varieties, modern farming techniques, and improved irrigation and fertilization practices.
• MS Randhawa was a prominent Indian botanist and agricultural scientist, but he is not considered the Father of Green Revolution in India.
• M.S. Swaminathan, is known as the Father of Green Revolution in India, who played a key role in introducing high-yielding varieties of rice and wheat in the country.

The correct answer is HYV Seeds.Key Points

• Green Revolution stands for a major technological breakthrough in India based on 
• improved seeds of high-yielding varieties (HYV),
• adequate and assured supply of water for irrigation, and
• increased and appropriate application of chemical fertilizers for increasing agricultural production. 

Additional Information 

• The stagnation in agriculture during the colonial rule was permanently broken by the green revolution.
• This refers to the large increase in production of food grains resulting from the use of high yielding variety (HYV) seeds especially for wheat and rice. 
• The use of these seeds required the use of fertiliser and
  pesticide in the correct quantities as well as regular supply of water; the application of these inputs in correct proportions is vital. 

The correct answer is Urbanisation.

Key Points

• The increase in the proportion of a country's population who live in urban areas is known as urbanisation. 
• There are many factors that contribute to urbanization, such as:
  • Economic opportunities: Cities tend to offer more job opportunities and higher wages than rural areas.
  • Education and healthcare: Cities also tend to have better access to education and healthcare.
  • Transportation: Improved transportation makes it easier for people to move to and from cities.

Additional Information

• Colonisation: This refers to the establishment of a colony by a foreign power in a new territory.
• Rustication: This means moving from an urban area to a rural one.
• Unplanned development: This refers to development without proper planning or regulation, which can be associated with urbanization but is not the same thing.

The correct answer is National food security.

Key Points

•  Green Revolution was a significant agricultural transformation that took place in India during the 1960s and 1970s.
• The aim of this revolution was to increase the productivity of agricultural crops, particularly wheat and rice, through the use of high-yielding varieties, modern farming techniques, and better irrigation facilities.
• M.S. Swaminathan, the renowned agricultural scientist, is referred to as the "Father of the Green Revolution."
• The Green Revolution played a crucial role in addressing India's food security concerns by increasing food production and reducing the country's dependence on food imports.

Additional InformationSome important revolutions in India:

The correct answer is (i), (ii) and (iii).Key Points

• Green Revolution:-
  • It​ was a significant development in India's agricultural sector that aimed to increase agricultural productivity and reduce food insecurity.
  • However, it also had some negative effects.
• Depletion of groundwater table:-
  • The Green Revolution promoted the use of high-yielding crop varieties, which required more water for irrigation.
  • As a result, farmers started extracting groundwater at an unsustainable rate, leading to a decline in the groundwater table.
  • This, in turn, led to water scarcity and affected the livelihoods of farmers who depended on groundwater for irrigation.
• Deterioration in the quality of soil:-
  • The use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides was a key feature of the Green Revolution.
  • Over time, this led to soil degradation, loss of soil fertility, and reduced crop yields.
  • Soil erosion, salinization, and acidification were some of the other negative impacts on soil quality.
• Increased input cost:-
  • The adoption of new technologies and practices under the Green Revolution required farmers to invest in expensive inputs like seeds, fertilizers, and machinery.
  • This increased the cost of cultivation, making it difficult for small and marginal farmers to afford these inputs.
  • As a result, they had to borrow money from moneylenders at high-interest rates, leading to a cycle of debt and poverty.

Additional Information

• Green Revolution: It refers to the period of rapid agricultural development in the 1960s and 1970s, which aimed to increase food production through the use of high-yielding crop varieties, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides.
• Positive Effects: The Green Revolution led to a significant increase in food production, reduced food prices, and improved food security in India.
  • It also created new job opportunities and increased rural income.
• Sustainable Agriculture: It refers to an agricultural system that is environmentally friendly, socially just, and economically viable.
  • It promotes the use of organic farming practices, crop diversification, and conservation of natural resources.

The correct answer is Self-sufficiency in food grains.Key Points

• The Green Revolution was a period of technological innovation in agriculture that began in the 1940s and continued through the 1960s.
• This period saw significant increases in crop yields and food production, particularly in developing countries.
• Benefits of the Green Revolution:
  • Self-sufficiency in food grains: The Green Revolution helped countries achieve self-sufficiency in food grains, reducing their dependence on imports and increasing their food security.
  • Increase in agricultural productivity: The use of high-yielding crop varieties, better irrigation systems, and improved fertilizers and pesticides led to significant increases in agricultural productivity.
  • Reduction in poverty: The increased agricultural productivity and self-sufficiency in food grains helped reduce poverty by providing more food and income to farmers.
  • Technological innovation: The Green Revolution brought about significant technological innovation in agriculture, which has continued to benefit farmers to this day.

Additional Information

• Option 2: Decrease in food grain stock of government - This option is incorrect as the Green Revolution led to an increase in food production and self-sufficiency, which would have resulted in an increase in food grain stock rather than a decrease.
• Option 3: Increase in the price of food grains - This option is incorrect as the Green Revolution led to an increase in food production and self-sufficiency, which would have resulted in a decrease in the price of food grains rather than an increase.
• Option 4: Increase in the import of food grains - This option is incorrect as the Green Revolution led to an increase in food production and self-sufficiency, which would have reduced the need for importing food grains.

The correct answer is mid-1970s to mid-1980s.Key Points

• The second phase of the green revolution in India existed from mid-1970s to mid-1980s.
• It was characterized by the introduction of high-yielding varieties of seeds, increased use of fertilizers, and improved irrigation facilities.
• The objective was to increase agricultural productivity and ensure food security in the country.
• The second phase was successful in increasing food production and reducing the dependence on food imports.

Additional Information

• Option 1: The mid-1950s to mid-1960s was the first phase of the green revolution in India, which focused on the introduction of new crop varieties and modern agricultural techniques.
• Option 2: The mid-1960s to mid-1970s was a transitional phase between the first and second phase of the green revolution in India.
• Option 4: The mid-1980s to mid-1990s saw the introduction of new agricultural policies, such as liberalization and privatization, which aimed to increase efficiency and reduce government intervention in the agricultural sector.