Basic Sociology MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Basic Sociology - Download Free PDF

Key Points

• Compassion is an essential aspect of social awareness, enabling individuals to connect with others' emotions and experiences.
• It helps in building trust and stronger interpersonal relationships.
• Compassion involves understanding and taking action to alleviate the suffering of others.
• It is a critical skill in emotional intelligence and plays a role in effective communication and conflict resolution.

Additional Information

• Unconscientiousness: This term refers to a lack of conscientiousness, which means being careless, irresponsible, or not thorough. People who are unconscientious are less likely to display empathy or social awareness.
• Selfishness: Selfishness is the quality of being concerned excessively with one's own needs and desires, often at the expense of others. It is the opposite of empathy and compassion, which are other-focused qualities.
• Perseverance: Perseverance refers to persistence and determination in achieving goals despite difficulties or obstacles. While it is an admirable quality, it is not directly related to social awareness or empathy

Key Points

• The gender focal points, gender desks, and gender budgeting cells are crucial mechanisms established within Ministries, State Government Departments, Panchayats, and Urban local bodies.
• These entities primarily function to enhance data collection on critical issues affecting women, enabling targeted interventions and policy adjustments.
• They serve as a central repository for gender-specific data, ensuring that issues requiring immediate attention are identified and addressed promptly.
• This data-driven approach ensures that government initiatives and resources are better aligned to address gender disparities and empower women effectively.

The correct answer is - February

Key Points

• Union Budget Presentation
  • The Finance Minister presents the Union Budget in Parliament every year.
  • Since 2017, it has been presented on February 1st.
  • The change ensures timely implementation of financial provisions from April 1st.
• Budget Session
  • The Budget session of Parliament is divided into two phases:
  • Phase 1: Presentation and general discussion (February)
  • Phase 2: Detailed scrutiny and approval (March-April)

Additional Information

• History of Budget Presentation
  • Before 2017, the budget was presented on the last working day of February.
  • The change to February 1st was made to allow government departments to plan expenditure earlier.
• Types of Budget
  • Union Budget: Covers government income (revenue) and expenditure.
  • Vote on Account: A temporary budget in case the full budget isn't passed before April 1st.
• Key Reform:
  • The Railway Budget was merged with the Union Budget in 2017.
  • The classification of expenditure into "Plan" and "Non-Plan" was removed in the same year.

The correct answer is - i-b, ii-d, iii-a, iv-c

Key Points

• FICCI (Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry)
  • It is an association formed by industrialists to represent the interests of Indian businesses.
  • Established in 1927, it is one of India's largest trade and industry organizations.
• INTUC (Indian National Trade Union Congress)
  • It is a trade union affiliated with the Indian National Congress.
  • Founded in 1947, it aims to promote the welfare of workers.
• Shetkari Sangathan
  • It is an agricultural union advocating for farmers' rights in India.
  • Founded by Sharad Joshi, it focuses on issues like fair pricing and economic policies affecting farmers.
• Nyaya Panchayats
  • These are local judicial bodies with limited authority to handle petty civil and criminal cases in villages.
  • They help in resolving disputes at the grassroots level.

Additional Information

• FICCI's Role in Economic Policy
  • Works closely with the government to shape economic policies.
  • Hosts events like the India Economic Summit to discuss business reforms.
• INTUC's Impact on Labor Rights
  • Advocates for minimum wages and better working conditions.
  • Represents workers in negotiations with industries and policymakers.
• Shetkari Sangathan’s Farmer Protests
  • Organized large-scale protests demanding fair crop prices.
  • Opposes excessive government intervention in agricultural markets.
• Nyaya Panchayats in Rural Justice
  • Help in reducing court case backlog by handling minor disputes.
  • Follow a simplified legal process for speedy resolutions.

The correct answer is - Supreme Court

Key Points

• Supreme Court of India
  • It is the highest judicial authority and the ultimate interpreter of the Indian Constitution.
  • Established under Article 124, it serves as the guardian of fundamental rights and ensures constitutional supremacy.
• Analysis of options:
  • Option a (High Court) - Incorrect: High Courts are the highest courts at the state level, but their decisions can be reviewed by the Supreme Court.
  • Option b (Parliament) - Incorrect: Parliament makes laws, but the Supreme Court can review laws to check their constitutionality.
  • Option c (President of India) - Incorrect: The President is the executive head, not a judicial authority.
  • Option d (Supreme Court) - Correct: It has final authority over constitutional interpretation.

Additional Information

• Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
  • Original Jurisdiction: Disputes between the Centre and States (Article 131).
  • Appellate Jurisdiction: Hears appeals against High Court judgments (Article 132-134).
  • Advisory Jurisdiction: Provides legal advice to the President (Article 143).
• Judicial Review Power
  • Ensures that laws made by Parliament are consistent with the Constitution.
  • Has the power to strike down unconstitutional laws.

The correct answer is aspiration group.

Key Points

• The aspiration group is a subcategory of the reference group.
• An aspiration group is a group of people whom particular audience respect, admire and desire to be like.
• In other words, it is a group in which people are not members but want to become one in the future.

Important Points

• Reference groups give points of comparison by which to evaluate behaviour and attitudes.

According to Max Weber, Sociology is the interpretative understanding of social action.Important Points

• Sociology, according to Weber, is a field of study that aims to interpretively grasp social action to provide a causal explanation for its causes and outcomes.
• Here, the social activity must be viewed as a purposeful, meaningful, and symbolic action that is reciprocally directed. We can say that the phrase alludes to interaction in modern sociology.
• Interpretive sociology is the study of social phenomena from the perspective of those who are a part of them. It involves making an effort to put oneself in another person's shoes and view the world from their perspective.
• Thus, the goal of interpretive sociology is to comprehend the significance that the people being studied attach to their ideas, values, deeds, mannerisms, and interpersonal connections.
• Because he recognized a gap in the positivistic sociology formed by Émile Durkheim, Weber created interpretive sociology.

Thus we know that according to Max Weber, Sociology is the interpretative understanding of social action. 

The correct answer is Customs.

Key Points

• As per the Weber, Customs are the source of traditional authority.
• As per Max Weber, there are three types of authority:

1. Traditional authority
2. Charismatic authority
3. Legal-rational authority

• Traditional authority is a type of leadership in which the authority of a ruling power is associated tradition or custom.
• Charismatic authority is the power legitimized by extraordinary personal abilities that inspire obedience and devotion.
• Legal-rational authority is a bureaucratic authority, in which the power is legitimized by legally enacted laws such as governments.

The correct answer is How should the goods be exchanged? Key Points

• "How should the goods be exchanged?" This is not one of the basic questions every society needs to answer because it is a sub-question of the distribution question.
• The other options are all basic questions that every society needs to answer in order to function properly.
• "How should goods be produced?" refers to the methods and technologies used to create goods and services.
• "What goods and services to produce?" refers to the decisions made about what products and services are necessary for society and how to allocate resources to produce them.
• "How should the goods be distributed?" refers to how the products and services are divided and allocated among the members of the society.

Additional Information

• The main keyword mentioned is "basic questions."
• These are fundamental questions that every society needs to answer in order to survive and thrive.
• The basic questions of economics are often referred to as the "Four Fundamental Questions of Economics."
• These questions are: What to produce? How to produce? For whom to produce? and How to distribute the goods and services.

The correct answer is G.P. Murdock

Key Points

• Family is the basic unit of society. In its minimal form, family may consist of a husband, wife and children. In its widest sense, it refers to all relatives of several generations connected to each other by blood, marriage or adoption.
• On the basis of size and structure or according to the number of members, family may be classified into two types:​
  • Nuclear Family
  • Joint Family or Extended Family
• A nuclear family is a family which consists of husband, wife and their unmarried children. 
• Murdock divides nuclear family into two types: (a) The Family of orientation and (b) the Family of procreation.
• The family in which an individual is born and reared and socialized is known as the family of orientation. It consists of father, mother, brother and sister. 

• The family of procreation refers to the family established by the person through marriage. It consists of husband, wife their sons and daughters.

Hence, the correct answer is - G.P. Murdock.

Additional Information

 

The correct answer is Socialization.

Key Points

• Socialization:
  • Socialization is a combination of personality development and cultural development.
  • It is a Life-Long process that continues throughout life from birth to adulthood.
  • Socialization is a process of acquiring values, beliefs, and expectations.
  • Socialization is a process in which a person adapts all the social behavior adaptation of social values and principles.
  • Adaptation of cultural rituals.
  • Adaptation of skills
• Types of Socialization:
  • Primary Socialization:
    • It happens during infancy and childhood.
    • Agents of primary socialization are parents and family.
    • For children, their families are the primary agent of socialization.
  • Secondary Socialization:
    • It occurs once the infant passes into the childhood phase and continues into maturity.
    • During this phase more than the family some other agents of socialization like school and friends.

The correct answer is Members of family.

Key Points

• Members of the family come under a group, which is related to the Primary group.
• A society is composed of different types of groups that vary in terms of
  • Social interaction
  • Degree of intimacy of contact
  • Degree of organization
  • range of group interest
  • size, etc.
• Primary Groups as the name suggests are the groups that are the main source of an individual’s relationships and socialization.
• Its main characteristic is that it has an intimate face-to-face association and cooperation.
• Examples:- Family, Neighbourhood, peer group

Additional Information

• The Secondary Group is the group that is formal, impersonal, contractual, and specialized in nature.
• When we are in a secondary group, the interaction is generally on a less personal level, as compared to the primary group.
• Passengers waiting at the railway station are an example of a secondary group. 
• secondary groups are large groups whose relationships are impersonal and goal-oriented.
• People in a secondary group interact on a less personal level than in a primary group, and their relationships are generally temporary rather than long-lasting.

The correct answer is a close and face-to-face reconciliation.

Key Point

• A primary group is typically a small social group whose members share close, personal, enduring relationships.
  • These groups are marked by concern for one another, shared activities and culture, and long periods of time spent together.
  • The goal of primary groups is actually the relationships themselves rather than achieving some other purpose.
• In a primary group, relationships are typically characterized by face-to-face interaction, high levels of cooperation, intense feelings of belonging, and strong personal identification with the group.
  • These relationships are often intrinsic and viewed as ends in themselves.
  • Examples of primary groups include families, close friends, and often school or work groups that foster close relationships.
• In contrast to this, a secondary group is typically larger and more impersonal.
  • These types of groups are often task-focused and time-limited. T
  • hey come together for a specific, practical purpose, such as employees working on a project at work, a study group for a class, or a sports team.
  • Secondary groups are often characterized by less emotional connection, less personal interaction, and a more formalized relationship between members.

The correct answer is Bentham.Key Points

• John Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham probably the two most famous Utilitarian in history, held fundamentally opposed views concerning the way “the value” of different pleasures should be estimated.
• John mill considered pleasures to be estimated by its quality.
• But Bentham considered pleasure to be measured in quantitative terms.

Bentham rejects qualitative difference in pleasures. Thus correct answer is Option 2.

The correct answer is National Statistical Office (NSO).Key Points

• The National Statistical Office (NSO) conducts a survey on household consumption expenditure every five years to estimate the poverty line in India.
• The poverty line is defined as the minimum level of income required to meet the basic needs of an individual.
• The survey collects data on various parameters such as food and non-food consumption, health and education expenditure, and housing conditions.
• The poverty line is calculated based on the cost of a minimum food basket plus expenditure on non-food items.
• The poverty line is used to identify households that are eligible for various welfare schemes such as food subsidies, rural employment guarantee schemes, and housing programs.

Additional Information

• Ministry of Finance:
  • It is responsible for preparing the Union Budget of India and managing the country's public finances.
• Reserve Bank of India (RBI):
  • It is the central bank of India and is responsible for regulating the country's monetary policy and managing its foreign exchange reserves.
• Ministry of Rural Development:​
  • ​It is responsible for implementing various rural development programs such as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme, Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana, and Swachh Bharat Abhiyan.
• The National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) is a wing of the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation and is responsible for conducting large-scale sample surveys in diverse fields on an All India basis.