On June 05th, 2025, India marked developments highlighting a blend of scientific innovation, sustainable infrastructure, and evolving governance. From IISc’s nanozyme breakthrough in thrombosis prevention to policy reforms in Ladakh, the focus spans health, energy, and federal administration. Meanwhile, the Supreme Court's ruling on legislative powers, the shift in polio surveillance, and the push for urban solar via BIPVs reflect the country’s changing priorities in law, public health, and clean energy.

Awareness regarding daily UPSC current affairs is crucial for cracking the UPSC Prelims, excelling in UPSC Mains. It helps perform well in the UPSC personality test, thus becoming an informed and effective UPSC civil servant.

Daily UPSC Current Affairs 05-06-2025

Below are the current affairs and headlines of the day taken from The Hindu, Indian Express, Press Information Bureau & All India Radio as required for UPSC preparation:

Artificial Nanozyme to Prevent Abnormal Blood Clotting

Source: The Hindu 

Syllabus: GS Paper III (Science and Technology)

IN NEWS

• Researchers at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru have developed a metal-based nanozyme using vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅) nanoparticles. 

• This nanozyme effectively prevents oxidative stress-induced blood clotting, with specific relevance to pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE).

Medical Context

• Under normal haemostasis, platelets are activated by agonists like collagen and thrombin, helping form clots at injury sites.
• In diseases like PTE and COVID-19, excessive ROS levels lead to over-activation of platelets, causing abnormal clot formation.

Research Methodology

• The team synthesized nanozymes of various shapes and sizes through controlled redox reactions.
• They tested these on human-derived platelets activated by agonists.
• Spherical-shaped V₂O₅ nanozymes were the most effective in reducing platelet aggregation.

Significance

• Offers a potential safer, synthetic alternative to enzyme therapy in treating ROS-related thrombotic disorders.
• May reduce dependency on heparin and anticoagulants, which can have adverse effects.

Know more about Enzymes!

Source: The Hindu 

Syllabus: GS Paper III (Energy)

IN NEWS

• With urban space constraints limiting rooftop solar expansion, the Indian government is promoting Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPVs) under the PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana (2024).

Why BIPVs for India?

• Urban population is expected to rise to 850 million by 2051.
• Urban construction leaves limited rooftop area for traditional solar setups.
• India aims for 300 GW of solar energy by 2030.
• BIPV potential from existing buildings alone is estimated at 309 GW.
• As per the World Bank, 70% of India’s future urban infrastructure is yet to be built—creating a massive opportunity for BIPV integration.

Significance

• Land-neutral solution to meet renewable energy targets.
• Can power apartments, commercial buildings, and government facilities.
• Promotes energy efficiency and urban sustainability.

Winding Down of the National Polio Surveillance Network (NPSN)

Source: The Hindu 

Syllabus: GS Paper II (Governance)

IN NEWS

• The Government of India, in coordination with WHO, plans a phased winding down of NPSN, reducing centers from 280 (2024–25) to 140 (2026–27).

Background

• India was declared polio-free in 2014.
• However, neighboring countries like Pakistan and Afghanistan still report cases, raising the risk of reintroduction.
• India continues to use Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV), which can mutate and cause VDPV outbreaks in under-immunized areas.

Concerns

• Polio is still a public health threat due to:
  • Cross-border transmission
  • VDPV risk
• Experts advocate switching to Injectable Polio Vaccine (IPV), which uses an inactivated virus and eliminates VDPV risk.
• Premature closure of NPSN may weaken early warning and containment capabilities.

Significance

• NPSN is vital for sustained surveillance in a post-eradication context.
• Acts as a model public health monitoring system.
• Highlights challenges of maintaining vigilance after disease elimination.

New Policy Framework for Ladakh

Source: The Hindu 

Syllabus: GS Paper II (Governance)

IN NEWS

• The Government of India has notified domicile rules, job reservations, official languages, and gender representation measures for Ladakh.

Key Policy Announcements:

Domicile Rule:

• To be a domicile, a person must have 15 years of continuous residence in Ladakh since October 31, 2019 (foundation day).
• Children of central govt employees also need to meet the 15-year criterion.
• Migrants post-2019 can qualify only after 2034.

Government Job Reservations:

• Reservation cap raised to 85% (excluding EWS):
  • 80% for Scheduled Tribes (as per 2011 Census).
  • 4% for LoC/LAC residents.
  • 1% for Scheduled Castes.
  • 10% for Economically Weaker Sections.
• With EWS included, total reservation reaches 95%, among the highest in India.

Hill Council Reforms:

• One-third reservation for women in Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Councils (LAHDCs), implemented on a rotational basis.

Official Languages:

• Notified official languages:
  • English, Hindi, Urdu, Bhoti, Purgi
• Recognizes and codifies local linguistic heritage.

Implications

Positive:

• Safeguards tribal and cultural identity of Ladakh.
• Empowers women politically.
• Encourages regional development via targeted employment and governance reforms.

Concerns:

• No Sixth Schedule status granted—key demand of civil groups like Leh Apex Body (LAB) and Kargil Democratic Alliance (KDA).
• Delay in implementing the Public Service Commission and granting statehood.
• 15-year rule criticized for excluding children of temporary residents and migrant workers.

Know more about the Creation of Five New Districts for Ladakh!

Supreme Court Ruling on Contempt and Legislative Power

Source: The Hindu 

Syllabus: GS Paper II (Polity, Judiciary)

IN NEWS

• The Supreme Court dismissed a 2012 contempt plea against the Chhattisgarh government, ruling that a law passed by the legislature cannot amount to contempt of court.

Key Observations by Supreme Court

• Legislative action is not contempt of court.
• Only judicial review can invalidate a law—not contempt proceedings.
• Separation of powers must be maintained between the judiciary and legislature.
• Remedy lies in challenging the law under Articles 32 or 226 if found unconstitutional.

Constitutional Basis

• Article 129 & 142: Empower SC to punish for contempt and enforce orders.
• Contempt of Courts Act, 1971: Defines the scope of contempt.
• Doctrine of Separation of Powers: Ensures no branch oversteps its role.

Significance

• Clarifies limits of contempt jurisdiction.
• Reaffirms judicial review as the appropriate route for assessing constitutionality.
• Ensures legislative autonomy under constitutional limits.

Know more about the Contempt of Court!

Monthly Current Affairs Compilation