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Kavach 5.0: Growth, Prime Details, Impact, Quick Overview - UPSC Notes
IMPORTANT LINKS
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Syllabus |
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Topics for Prelims |
Kavach 5.0, Train Protection and Warning System (TPWS), Automatic Train Protection System (ATPS), Automatic Train Control (ATC), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), ETCS and RAIB for Signal Protection, CATIS for Fault Detection, EEWS to Stop Trains During Earthquakes. |
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Topics for Mains |
Science & Technology, Government Policies and Interventions, Mobilization of Resources, Investment Models, Inclusive Growth and Infrastructure. |
What is Kavach 5.0?
KAVACH is an Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system indigenously designed by the Research Designs & Standards Organisation (RDSO) in partnership with Medha Servo Drives, Kernex Microsystems and HBL Power Systems. Initially, it was known as the Train Collision Avoidance System (TCAS). The Ministry of Railways adopted Kavach as the National ATP System in July 2020. Kavach's functioning is defined through a schematic graph.
The development of Kavach started in 2011 as a sincere architecture strategy. In 2014, field trials were initiated. The first field trial experiments on passenger trains were accomplished in February 2016. Later, Kavach acquired the Safety Integrity Level (SIL-4) certificate in 2019. It is announced as one of the most cost-effective ATP designs worldwide. The Union budget of India for the FY 2022-23 allotted budgets for the immediate enactment of Kavach across 2,000 km of track, as well as approving its enactment along 34,000 km of track of the Golden Quadrilateral rail pathway, which is to be enforced by 2027-2028.
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Kavach 5.0 To Grow Mumbai Local Train Services by 30%
To improve the experience of Mumbai's suburban train commuters, Railway Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw has presented Kavach 5.0, an advanced automatic train protection system. Explicitly developed for Mumbai's local trains, this version strives to improve service frequency by 30%. Union Railway Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw announced that Kavach 5.0, the next-generation Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system, will be enforced in the effective technological development of Mumbai's suburban rail system. This improvement aims to boost the frequency of trains by 30%, reducing the day-to-day commuters to about 80 lakhs. Kavach 5.0 improves train security during rough weather and helps loco pilots automatically use brakes if they fail to act in time, assuring smoother and more secure railway functions.
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Prime Details of Kavach 5.0
Background: The Union Minister for Railways declared the enactment of Kavach 5.0, which desired to enhance train security. The current version, Kavach 4.0, is already under deployment across Indian Railways.
Kavach System:
- About: India's indigenous Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system was designed to control train collisions by automatically starting the braking technique if the loco pilot fails to act.
- Technology: Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) labels are set throughout the track length to permit the Kavach system to observe train positions. Optical Fibre Cable is applied along the tracks to secure quick and efficient data transmission.
Kavach 5.0 – Latest Version:
- Currently, Kavach 4.0 is being enforced across Indian Railways.
- Kavach 5.0 is being designed especially for Mumbai suburban rail.
- Growth is predicted to be finished by December 2025.
Indian Railways:
- India runs the world's fourth-largest railway network, over 65,000 km, and is expected to account for 40% of global rail action by 2050, emphasizing its importance in bearable mobility and transportation.
Infrastructure Investment:
- Performance in 3 steps, Infrastructure, technology, and other services.
- Tasks worth ₹17,000 crore are under implementation to help suburban rail modernization.
Global Best Practices on Rail Safety:
- The UK operates the Train Protection and Warning System (TPWS), ETCS, and RAIB for signal security, real-time management, and separate analyses.
- Japan operates Automatic Train Control (ATC), CATIS for flaw detection, and EEWS to prevent trains during earthquakes.
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Background: The Union Minister for Railways declared the enactment of Kavach 5.0, which desired to enhance train security. The current version, Kavach 4.0, is already under deployment across Indian Railways. Kavach System:
Kavach 5.0 – Latest Version:
Indian Railways:
Infrastructure Investment:
Global Best Practices on Rail Safety:
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Impact on Mumbai Local Train Services
The work on Kavach 5.0 is continuing with a Mumbai-specific purpose. Its outcome will be achieved by the end of December, 2025. This suggests that if the authority lowers the gap of 180 seconds between two trains by 30 percent, it can run 30 percent more trains. The more often the loco pilot runs trains, the more they can provide services. So due to Kavach 5.0, the ministry will be qualified to add 30 percent more trains. Mr. Vaishnaw said in Mumbai, addressing the media on improving a major Railways project in Maharashtra, along with the Chief Minister. Mumbai has about 3,500 train services daily, and about 80 lakh people travel. Actions are underway to provide more people travel comfortably. This will be executed in three parts. First, infrastructure will be enhanced; projects worth almost 17,000 crore will be performed & provide more assistance to ensure 80 lakh people can travel comfortably.
- Objective: Lower the time gap between two trains from 180 seconds by 30%.
- Development: Allows a 30% increase in everyday train services.
- Current day-to-day services: 3,500 & Commuters 80 lakh.
- Outcome: More increased frequency, decreased congestion, and more satisfied travel.
A Quick Overview of Kavach 5.0
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Summary/Static |
Facts |
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Why in the news? |
Kavach 5.0 To Boost Mumbai Local Train Services by 30% |
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System Name |
Kavach 5.0 (Automatic Train Protection System) |
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Advised By |
Ashwini Vaishnaw, Union Minister for Railways |
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Goal |
Boost safety & frequency of Mumbai suburban trains |
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Daily Commuters in Mumbai |
80 lakh |
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Current Train Services/Day |
3,500 |
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Planned Boost in Services |
+30% (via reduction in train headway) |
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Development Fulfillment Deadline |
December 2025 |
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Infrastructure Investment |
₹17,000 crore (across 3 phases) |
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Key Takeaways on Kavach 5.0 for UPSC Aspirants!
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Subject-wise Prelims Previous Year Questions |
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Kavach 5.0 UPSC FAQs
Which technology is used in Kavach?
RFID reader. A locomotive fitted with KAVACH has two RFID readers mounted under its underframe. It scans the RFID tags attached to the track and transmits the information to the onboard KAVACH computer for processing.
Which company makes Kavach?
RDSO developed Kavach (armour) with three Indian companies — Medha Servo, HBL Power System, and Kernex.
Who announced the Kavach system?
Railway Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw announced the upcoming launch of the automatic train protection system Kavach 5.0 for Mumbai's suburban trains.
What is the cost of Kavach per km?
The cost for providing Track Side, including Kavach station equipment, is approximately Rs. 50 Lakhs/Km and the price of delivering Kavach equipment on locomotives is approximately Rs. 80 Lakh/Loco.
What is the complete form of TCAS Kavach?
The complete form of TCAS is the Train Collision Avoidance System (TCAS).