While asking about the history of a patient, the nurse finds out that the patient is on a plant-based diet only. She understands that the patient may develop:

Question

Question

Answer 1

Correct Answer: Megaloblastic Anemia

Rationale:

Megaloblastic anemia is a type of anemia characterized by the presence of large, abnormal red blood cells in the bone marrow and blood. It is usually caused by deficiencies in vitamin B12 or folate.
A plant-based diet can be low in vitamin B12 because this vitamin is primarily found in animal products. As a result, individuals following a strict plant-based diet are at risk of developing megaloblastic anemia if they do not take supplements or consume fortified foods.
Symptoms of megaloblastic anemia include fatigue, weakness, pallor, and in severe cases, neurological symptoms such as numbness and tingling in the hands and feet.
Early diagnosis and treatment with vitamin B12 or folate supplements can effectively manage and reverse the condition.

Explanation of Other Options:

Pellagra

Rationale: Pellagra is caused by a deficiency in niacin (vitamin B3). It is characterized by the "three Ds": dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia. While a plant-based diet can potentially lead to other nutrient deficiencies, niacin is generally available in plant foods, making pellagra less likely in this scenario.

Scurvy

Rationale: Scurvy is caused by a deficiency in vitamin C. Since many fruits and vegetables are rich in vitamin C, individuals on a plant-based diet are typically at a lower risk of developing scurvy, provided they consume a variety of these foods.

Marasmus

Rationale: Marasmus is a form of severe malnutrition characterized by energy deficiency. It is more common in individuals who are not getting enough calories or protein. While a poorly planned plant-based diet can lead to protein-energy malnutrition, it is not specific to the development of marasmus.

Conclusion:

Among the given options, megaloblastic anemia is the most likely condition to develop in a patient on a plant-based diet due to the potential deficiency of vitamin B12. Ensuring adequate intake of this vitamin through supplements or fortified foods is essential for preventing this condition.