Quinine used in the treatment of malarial fever is obtained from __________.

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UP TGT Biology 2016 Official Paper
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  1. Bark of Cinchona
  2. Root of Rauvolfia
  3. Seeds of Ricinus comunis
  4. Atropa belladona

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : Bark of Cinchona
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Key Points
  • Cinchona is a flowering plant of the family Rubiaceae.
  • It is native to the Andes of South America.
  • The bark is used for medicinal purposes.
  • The bark is dried to obtain alkaloids like quinine.
  • The features of Cinchona bark are:
    • Colour - Yellowish to brownish.
    • Odour - Slight and distinctive.
    • Taste - Highly bitter and astringent.
    • Major Constituents - Quinine, Hydroquinine, Cinchonine.
    • Pharmacological Properties - Antimalarial, antipyretic, stomachic, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, antioxidant, anti-cancer.
    • Uses - Quinine is used in treatment of malaria, increasing appetite,  Quinidine is used to prevent arhythmias.

Additional Information

  • Root of Rauvolfia - It contains 'reserpine' which is an anti-psychotic and anti-hypertensive drug used to treat hypertension.
  • Seeds of Ricinus communis - These are castor beans that yield castor oil, but is also the source of a toxin called 'ricin' which is released when chewed and swallowed.
  • Atropa belladona - It is a medicinal herb that yields 'atropine', which can be toxic as well as hallucinogenic.
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