Arrange the following IPR-related international treaties in the order of their adoption.

A. Berne Convention

B. TRIPS Agreement

C. Paris Convention

D. WIPO Copyright Treaty

E. Patent Cooperation Treaty

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

The Correct answer is C, A, E, B, D

Key Points

The Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property:

• ​The Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, signed in Paris, France, on 20 March 1883, is among the earliest intellectual property treaties.
• It established a Union to safeguard industrial property, and it remains in force to this day.
• The Convention's substantive provisions fall into three main categories: national treatment, priority rights, and common rules.
• It is administered by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) in Geneva, Switzerland.
• The Paris Convention, concluded in 1883, was revised at Brussels in 1900, at Washington in 1911, at The Hague in 1925, at London in 1934, at Lisbon in 1958, and at Stockholm in 1967, and was amended in 1979.
• The Convention's substantive provisions can be categorized into three main areas:
  • national treatment,
  • right of priority, and
  • common rules.

Berne Convention:

• ​The Berne Convention also known as the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works was an international assembly held in 1886 in the Swiss city of Bern by ten European countries.
• This multi-party agreement, commonly known as the Berne Convention, introduced a unified and transnational framework for protecting creative endeavors across borders. Over the years, its provisions have undergone several updates.
• The treaty fundamentally empowers authors, musicians, poets, painters, and other creators to exercise control over the use of their works, dictating the terms and conditions of usage.
• In various jurisdictions, these rights are often referred to as copyright.

The Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT):

• ​The Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) is an international patent law treaty that was concluded in 1970.
• It establishes a unified procedure for filing patent applications to protect inventions in its contracting states.
• Applications filed under the PCT are referred to as international applications or PCT applications.
• The Treaty became effective on 24 January 1978, initially with 18 contracting states.
• The first international applications were submitted on 1 June 1978.
• The Treaty was later revised in 1979 and amended in 1984 and 2001.

TRIPS Agreement:

• The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) is an international legal accord encompassing all member nations of the World Trade Organization (WTO).
• This agreement sets forth baseline standards for the regulation of various forms of intellectual property (IP) by national governments, specifically concerning individuals from other WTO member nations.
• TRIPS was crafted towards the conclusion of the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) between 1989 and 1990, and it is under the administration of the WTO.
• TRIPS was signed in 1994 and came into force in 1995.

​WIPO Copyright Treaty:

• The WIPO Copyright Treaty (WCT) was adopted in the year 1996.
• The treaty was adopted by the member states of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) on December 20, 1996.
• The WCT is a special agreement under the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works.
• It provides additional protections to authors in the digital environment.
• The treaty addresses issues related to the distribution and communication of works over the internet and other digital networks.
• It also includes provisions on the rights of reproduction and distribution and the protection of technological measures and rights management information.