______ defect is caused due to casting getting solidified before the entire mould cavity is filled.

Explanation:

Casting defects

Cold Shut

• A cold shut is caused when two streams while meeting in the mould cavity, do not fuse together properly thus forming a discontinuity in the casting.
• When the molten metal is poured into the mould cavity through a more-than-one gate, multiple liquid fronts will have to flow together and become one solid.

Misrun:

• When the molten metal solidifies before completely filling the mold cavity and leaves a space in the mold called as misrun.
• Cause:
  • Low fluidity of the molten metal.
  • Low temperature of the molten metal which decreases its fluidity.
  • Too thin section and improper gating system.

• It is a void on the surface of the casting caused mainly due to uncontrolled and haphazard solidification of the metal. 
• These are caused by the liquid shrinkage occurring during the solidification of the casting. 
• To compensate this, proper feeding of liquid metal is required and also proper casting design. 
• Shrinkage defects can be split into two different types: 
  • Open shrinkage defects
  • Closed shrinkage defects