_____ an be defined as time dependent increase in strain of a solid body under constant or controlled stress. 

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HPCL Engineer Civil 23 Dec 2023 Official Paper
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  1. Shrinkage
  2. Compaction
  3. Creep
  4. Elasticity

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : Creep
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Detailed Solution

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Explanation:

Stress relaxation

  • It is the reduction in stress with time under constant strain (not stress as asked in the question).  It is also a time-dependent phenomenon.
  • This property is mainly found in steel.

Creep:

  • Creep is a time-dependent deformation of a material while under an applied load that is below its yield strength.
  • It is most often occurs at elevated temperatures, but some materials creep at room temperature.
  • Creep terminates in a rupture if steps are not taken to bring to a halt.

Shrinkage

  • It is the reduction in the volume of a material. For instance, the shrinkage of concrete is defined as a reduction of its volume due to the loss of moisture in it.

 Additional Information

Important Definitions:

  1. Elasticity is defined as the property of a material by virtue of which it gets back to (or recover) its original shape after the removal of applied force or load.
  2. Fatigue is the weakening of building material when it is loaded and unloaded repeatedly, the load being above the particular value called the endurance limit.
  3. Fatigue strength is defined as the load value below which the material would not yield for any number of cycles of loading and unloading.
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