Digestive system MCQ Quiz in తెలుగు - Objective Question with Answer for Digestive system - ముఫ్త్ [PDF] డౌన్‌లోడ్ కరెన్

The correct answer is Option 2 i.e. 2-monoacylglycerols.

Concept:

• Lipases are the hydrolytic enzymes that hydrolyzes the triglycerides (fats) into its components (free fatty acids and glycerol molecule).
• Initial digestion of fat occurs in the lumen of the small intestine where the bile salts reduced the surface tension of the fat droplets thereby making easy from lipase enzyme to act on triglycerids.
• Since, lipid are hydrophobic and lipase enzyme are water soluble enzyme, it only work at the surface of the fat globules.
• Hence, digestion of fats is aided by the emulsification process (by bile salts) that breakdown fats into smaller emulsified droplets.
• Major site for fat digestion is small intestine where the pancreatic lipase digestes majority of the fats.
• The free fatty acids and glycerol thus formed from the fat digestion are absorbed into the epithelial cells that line the intestinal wall, in the epithelial cells, glycerol and free fatty acids are resynthesized into triacylglycerol and transported to the muscle and adipose tissues. 
• Different lipases involved in the digestion process:
  • Lingual lipase and gastric lipase - produce free fatty acid and Diacyl glycerol (DAG) as the end products of the triglyceride breakdown. They acts on the short and medium chain fatty acids,
  • Pancreatic lipase - produce 2 free fatty acid and 2-monoglycerides as the end products of the triglycerides breakdown.
  • Intestinal lipase - that breakdown triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerols.

Important Points

• Pancreatic lipase acts on the triglycerides to form 2-monoglycerids and 2 free fatty acids. 
• Pancreatic lipase specifically hydrolysis primary ester linkage ie., fatty acid present at the position 1 and position 3.
• It cannot hydrolysis the ester-linkage present at position 2 of the triglycerids. 
• Hence, pancreatic lipase acts on triglycerides to produce 2 free fatty acids and one 2-monoglycerides. 
• Resultant 2-monoglycerides is then converted to 1-monoglycerides by an isomerase enzyme in the pancreatic juice.
• The 1-monoglycerides thus formed is then acts upon by the pancreatic lipase to produce glycerol and fatty acid.
• This is because pancreatic lipase can only act on ester-linkage present at position 1 and 3).

Hence, the correct answer is Option 2.

  Additional Information

• Pancreatic juices also contains phospholipase A2 that acts on phospholipids and cholesterol esterase that acts on cholesteryl esters.