Measurement MCQ Quiz in मल्याळम - Objective Question with Answer for Measurement - സൗജന്യ PDF ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക

The main function of an abstract of the estimate are as follows:

i) The total estimated cost and the different items of works are required to complete a project can be known.

ii) This is the basis on which percentage rate tenders are called after excluding the amounts for contingency and work-charged establishment.

iii) This is a part of the tender document so as a contractor can arrive at his own rates from the schedule of work described in the description column.

iv) This is the basis on which bills are prepared for payment.

Thumb Rule for Steel in percentage:

1) Thumb rule for Steel in general RCC structure is 1% - 4% of wet volume of concrete

2) Thumb Rule for Steel in column is 2% - 4% of wet volume of concrete

3) Thumb Rule for Steel in beam is 1% - 2% of wet volume of concrete

4) Thumb Rule for Steel in footing is 0.5% - 1% of wet volume of concrete

5) Thumb Rule for Steel in slab is 1% - 1.5% of wet volume of concrete.

Explanation:

Quantity of steel required for 1m³ concrete beam

Thumb rule for steel in beam = 1% to 2%

Minimum quantity of steel required for 1 m³ concrete beam is 1%, now 1% of 1m³ = 0.01 m³, and we know that 1m³ steel weight is 7850 Kg, so weight of 0.01 m³ steel = 0.01 × 7850 = 78.50 kg, so minimum quantity of steel required for 1m³ concrete beam is 78.50 Kg.

Maximum quantity of steel required for 1 m³ concrete beam is 2%, now 2% of 1m³ = 0.02 m³, and we know that 1m³ steel weight is 7850 Kg, so weight of 0.02 m³ steel = 0.02 × 7850 = 157 kg, so maximum quantity of steel required for 1m³ concrete beam is 157 Kg.

Explanation:

Rules for the deduction for openings as per IS - 1200 for brickwork:

No deduction is made for the following:

i) Bearing of floor and roof slabs are not deducted from the masonry in the superstructure. 

ii) Opening up to 0.1 m²

iii) Ends of the beam, posts, rafters, purlin, etc. chajjas where thickness does not exceeds 10 cm.

iv) Bed plates, wall plates, bearing of chajjas where thickness does not exceed 10 cm. 

Deduction in plastering are made in the following manner:

i) No deduction is made for ends of beams, posts, rafters, purlin, etc.

ii) No deduction is made for opening up to 0.5 m² and no addition is made for jambs, soffits, and sills of these openings. 

iii) For opening more than 0.5 m² and up to 3 m² the deduction is made for one face only. No addition for jambs, soffits, and sills of these openings.

iv) For opening above 3 m² the deduction is made for both faces of openings and the jambs, soffits, and sills shall be added.

Given data:

Vol = 8 m³, and Proportion of Mortar = 1 : 3

Concept:

Size of a modular brick = 190 × 90 × 90 (mm³)

Mortar thickness = 10 mm

Volume of a brick with mortar = 0.2 × 0.1 × 0.1 = 0.002 m³

Calculation:

No. of bricks in 8 m³ \(=\frac{8}{0.002}=4000\text{ }\!\!~\!\!\text{ numbers}\)

Volume of 4000 bricks without mortar = 4000 × 0.19 × 0.09 × 0.09 = 6.156

Volume of mortar = 8 – 6.156 = 1.844 m³

Dry volume of mortar = 1.33 × 1.844 = 2.45 m³

Mortar ratio = 1 : 3

Required amount of sand \(=\frac{2.45\times 3}{4}=1.83\text{ }\!\!~\!\!\text{ }{{\text{m}}^{3}}\)

⇒ Quantity of sand required is 1.83 m³.

Explanation:

Center line method

In this method of estimation, the total centerline length of walls in a building is first calculated, then the center line length is multiplied with the breadth and depth of the respective items to get the total quantity at a time.

Deductions

L Junction - There is no need to deduct from total centreline length.

T Junction - Half (1/2) breadth wall measurement should be deducted for a T junction.

Concept:
Density of steel bar = 7850 kg/m3 

The standard weight for 1m of length (kg) of steel bar \(= \left( {\dfrac{{{{\rm{D}}^2}}}{{162}}} \right)\)

The standard weight for length(L) of steel bar in (kg) \(= \left( {\dfrac{{{{\rm{D}}^2}L}}{{162}}} \right)\)

Where D is the diameter of the bar in mm.

L = Length of bar

Calculation:

Given,

Dia (D) = 16 mm

Length (L) = 10 m

If the length of the rebar is in meter & the diameter of the rebar is in mm then the weight of the steel rebar,

W = \(\dfrac{{{D^2}L}}{{162}}\)

W = \(\dfrac{{16\; \times 16\; \times 10\;}}{{162\;}} = 15.80\) kg

Explanation:

Surface dressing, leveling, and cleaning of stones are measured in square meters.

Explanation:

Measurement of brickwork

• Since the thickness of the half brick wall is 100 mm or 10 cm and brick walls are measured in the square meter if the thickness of the wall is half brick or as a partition wall.

• For one or more than one brick thick wall, brickwork is measured in a cubic meter.
• While Brickwork for thin partition walls is measured in a square meter.

• Brickwork in foundation, plinth, arches, and superstructure are measured in cubic meters.

Explanation:

Bars are bent near the support at an angle of 45°.

The angle of bend may also be 30° in shallow beams.

The purpose of bend near the support is firstly to resist the negative bending moment which occurs in the region of the support and secondly to resist the shear force which is greater at the support.

Inclined length of cranked bar is equal to:

\({\rm{L}} = \frac{{\rm{d}}}{{\sin 30}} = 2{\rm{d}}\)

Where,

d = overall depth of the beam/ member – top cover – bottom cover – bar diameter

The thickness of slabs, partitions, etc and the sectional dimensions of columns, pillars, beams should be taken to the nearest half centimetre (0.005 m).

The dimension should be measured to the nearest one centimetre (0.01 m).

The area should be work out to the nearest 0.01 square metre (0.01 m2) i.e. 0.01 × 104 = 100 cm².

The cubic content should be work out to the nearest 0.01 cubic metre (0.01 m3)