Environmental law MCQ Quiz in मल्याळम - Objective Question with Answer for Environmental law - സൗജന്യ PDF ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക
Last updated on Apr 6, 2025
Latest Environmental law MCQ Objective Questions
Top Environmental law MCQ Objective Questions
Environmental law Question 1:
Which of the following can be considered as the first case of its kind in India involving issues relating to environment and ecological balance which brought the issue of conflict between development and conservation into sharp focus with the Supreme Court emphasising the need for reconciling the two in the larger interest of the country?
(A) R. L. and E Kendra, Dehradun v/s State of UP
(B) Goa Foundation v/s Konkan Railway Corporation
(C) T. N. Godavarman Thirumulpad v/s Union of India
(D) Tarun Bharat Sangh V. Union of India
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Environmental law Question 1 Detailed Solution
The correct answer is 'R. L. and E Kendra, Dehradun v/s State of UP'
Key Points
- R. L. and E Kendra, Dehradun v/s State of UP:
- This case, also known as the “Dehradun Quarrying Case,” is considered the first landmark case in India addressing issues of environmental protection and ecological balance.
- The Supreme Court, in this case, highlighted the conflict between developmental activities, such as mining, and environmental conservation, emphasizing the necessity of reconciling these objectives for the larger national interest.
- The court ordered the closure of mining activities in the Doon Valley, as they were causing significant ecological damage, including deforestation and soil erosion.
- It marked the beginning of judicial intervention in environmental matters in India and laid the foundation for the principle of sustainable development.
Additional Information
- Goa Foundation v/s Konkan Railway Corporation:
- This case addressed environmental concerns related to the construction of the Konkan Railway, particularly its impact on the biodiversity of the Western Ghats.
- While significant in environmental jurisprudence, it was not the first case to emphasize the conflict between development and conservation.
- T. N. Godavarman Thirumulpad v/s Union of India:
- Also known as the “Forest Case,” this case focused on forest conservation and led to several landmark rulings to protect forests in India.
- Though monumental in its contributions to environmental law, it came much later and does not qualify as the first case addressing environmental issues.
- Tarun Bharat Sangh v/s Union of India:
- This case dealt with water conservation and the revival of traditional water harvesting structures in Rajasthan.
- While an important case for environmental conservation, it was not the first to bring the conflict between development and environmental protection into focus.
Environmental law Question 2:
Which section of Biological Diversity Act, 2002 mandates approval of National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) before applying for any Intellectual Property Right in a foreign country.
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Environmental law Question 2 Detailed Solution
The correct answer is Section 6.
Key Points
- Section 6 of the Biological Diversity Act, 2002:
- This section mandates that any person seeking to apply for an Intellectual Property Right (IPR) in a foreign country for any invention based on biological resources obtained from India must obtain prior approval from the National Biodiversity Authority (NBA).
- The intention behind this provision is to ensure that benefits arising from the use of biological resources and associated knowledge are shared fairly and equitably with the country of origin.
- This helps in safeguarding the country's biological resources and traditional knowledge from being exploited without proper compensation.
Additional Information
- Section 7:
- This section deals with the prohibition of certain activities without prior intimation to the State Biodiversity Board by Indian citizens, corporations, and associations.
- It does not pertain to the approval of the NBA for applying for IPR in a foreign country.
- Section 19:
- This section outlines the procedure for obtaining approval from the NBA for undertaking activities such as transferring results of research or bio-survey and bio-utilization to foreign nationals, companies, or non-resident Indians.
- It is not specifically about IPR applications in foreign countries.
- Section 8:
- This section deals with the establishment of the National Biodiversity Authority (NBA), its composition, and functions.
- It does not specifically address the requirement for NBA approval for foreign IPR applications.
Environmental law Question 3:
According to Section 20 of the Green Tribunal Act, 2010 what are the principles that should be applied by the NGT while passing orders and decisions?
A. Principle of sustainable development
B. Precautionary principle
C. Polluter pays principle
D. Principle of absolute liability
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Environmental law Question 3 Detailed Solution
The correct answer is 3.
Key PointsThe principles applied by the NGT according to Section 20 of the Green Tribunal Act, 2010
- Principle of sustainable development
- This principle aims to balance developmental needs with environmental conservation. It ensures that development meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Hence statement A is correct.
- Precautionary principle
- This principle implies that if there is a risk of significant harm to the environment or human health, precautionary measures should be taken even if some cause and effect relationships are not fully established scientifically. Hence statement B is correct.
- Polluter pays principle
- According to this principle, those who pollute the environment should bear the costs associated with the damage they cause. This includes the costs of preventing, controlling, and rectifying pollution. Hence statement C is correct.
Additional Information
- Principle of absolute liability
- This principle is not explicitly mentioned in Section 20 of the Green Tribunal Act, 2010. It is a legal principle that holds a party completely liable for any damage caused by their activities, regardless of intent or negligence.
Environmental law Question 4:
M. K Ranjit Singh v. UOI (2024) deals with which of the following issue?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Environmental law Question 4 Detailed Solution
The correct answer is 'Preservation of biodiversity and climate change'
Key Points
- The case of M.K. Ranjitsinh v. Union of India (2024) primarily addresses the issue of preservation of biodiversity and climate change.
- This landmark judgment by the Supreme Court of India focused on the conservation of the critically endangered Great Indian Bustard (GIB) and examined the balance between environmental protection and renewable energy development.
- The Court recognized the right to a healthy environment and the right to be free from the adverse effects of climate change, emphasizing India's commitment to international environmental conventions.
Environmental law Question 5:
Which of the following statements are correct according to National Green Tribunal Act, 2010.
A. It repealed National Environment Tribunal Act, 1995
B. It repealed National Environment Appellate Authorities Act, 1997
C. The Act does mention about judicial pronouncements construing right to healthy environment as a part of right to life under Art. 21 of the Constitution
D. The Act does not define environment
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Environmental law Question 5 Detailed Solution
The correct answer is 3.
Key Points
- Repeal of National Environment Tribunal Act, 1995
- The National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 repealed the National Environment Tribunal Act, 1995. Hence statement A is correct.
- Repeal of National Environment Appellate Authorities Act, 1997
- The National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 also repealed the National Environment Appellate Authorities Act, 1997. Hence statement B is correct.
- Right to Healthy Environment under Article 21
- The Act mentions judicial pronouncements construing the right to a healthy environment as part of the right to life under Article 21 of the Constitution. Hence statement C is correct.
- Definition of Environment
- The National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 does define the term "environment". Hence statement D is incorrect.
Additional Information
- The National Green Tribunal (NGT) was established for the effective and expeditious disposal of cases relating to environmental protection and conservation of forests and other natural resources.
- The Tribunal is mandated to make disposal of applications or appeals finally within six months of the filing of the same.
- The Tribunal's orders are binding and it has the power to enforce its decisions like a civil court.
Environmental law Question 6:
Which section defines 'environment' under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Environmental law Question 6 Detailed Solution
The correct answer is Section 2(a)
Key Points
- Definition of 'Environment' under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986:
- Section 2(a) of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 defines the term 'environment'.
- According to this section, 'environment' includes water, air, and land, and the interrelationship which exists among and between them and human beings, other living creatures, plants, microorganisms, and property.
Additional Information
- Section 2(b):
- This section defines 'environmental pollutant' as any solid, liquid, or gaseous substance present in such concentration as may be, or tend to be, injurious to the environment.
- Section 2(c):
- This section defines 'environmental pollution' as the presence in the environment of any environmental pollutant.
- None of the above:
- This option is incorrect as Section 2(a) is the correct section that defines 'environment' under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
Environmental law Question 7:
What is an environmental laboratory?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Environmental law Question 7 Detailed Solution
The correct answer is 'A laboratory to conduct research and development to prevent environment pollution'
Key Points
- Environmental laboratory:
- An environmental laboratory is primarily focused on conducting research and development to prevent environmental pollution.
- These laboratories play a critical role in understanding the impact of various pollutants and developing strategies to mitigate their effects on the environment.
- The research conducted in these laboratories can lead to the creation of new technologies and methods to reduce pollution and protect natural resources.
Additional Information
- Other options explained:
- Option 1: A laboratory that diagnoses the pollutant to identify the erring industry
- This option is incorrect because while identifying the source of pollutants is a function of some environmental labs, it is not their primary purpose.
- Option 2: A laboratory to test pollutants, and their capacity to pollute
- This option is incorrect because testing pollutants is a part of the overall research process, not the main goal of an environmental laboratory.
- Option 4: A laboratory to measure the damage caused to the environment
- This option is incorrect because measuring environmental damage is an outcome of research activities, not the primary focus.
- Option 1: A laboratory that diagnoses the pollutant to identify the erring industry
Environmental law Question 8:
The definition of 'environmental pollution' under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, is
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Environmental law Question 8 Detailed Solution
The correct answer is 'the presence in the environment of any environmental pollutants.'
Key Points
- Definition of Environmental Pollution:
- According to the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, environmental pollution is defined as the presence in the environment of any environmental pollutants.
- Environmental pollutants refer to any solid, liquid, or gaseous substance present in such concentration as may be, or tend to be, injurious to the environment.
- This definition emphasizes the harmful impact of specific substances on the environment, rather than a general notion of pollution.
Additional Information
- Incorrect Options:
- Option 1: 'Any pollution of air, water and soil' is too broad and does not specify the presence of pollutants.
- Option 2: 'The presence of any solid, liquid or gaseous substance in the environment' is incorrect because it does not consider the concentration and harmful nature of the substances.
- Option 4: 'Any pollution in land, sea and air' is a general statement and lacks the specificity required by the definition in the Act.
- Importance of Specific Definition:
- A specific definition helps in identifying, regulating, and mitigating the exact pollutants that are harmful to the environment.
- It allows for targeted actions and policies to control and reduce environmental pollution effectively.
Environmental law Question 9:
Which of the following terms has not being defined under Indian Forest Act, 1927?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Environmental law Question 9 Detailed Solution
The correct answer is 'Forest'
Key Points
- Indian Forest Act, 1927:
- The Indian Forest Act, 1927, is a comprehensive legislation aimed at the conservation and management of forests in India.
- The Act defines various terms related to forest management and aims to regulate activities within forest areas to prevent deforestation and degradation of forest resources.
- Terms Defined under the Act:
- Forest Produce: Includes timber, charcoal, caoutchouc, catechu, wood-oil, resin, natural varnish, bark, lac, myrobalan, and other forest products.
- Forest Officer: Refers to any person appointed by the State Government to carry out the purposes of the Act.
- Forest Offence: Includes an offense punishable under the Act or under any rule made thereunder.
Additional Information
- Forest:
- The term "Forest" itself is not explicitly defined within the Indian Forest Act, 1927.
- However, the Act provides a framework for the management and protection of forest lands, which implies a broad understanding of what constitutes a forest.
- This lack of a specific definition has sometimes led to legal and administrative ambiguities.
Environmental law Question 10:
Under the Constitution who has the power to enact laws for prevention and control for water pollution?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Environmental law Question 10 Detailed Solution
The correct answer is Option 1.
Key Points
- In India, according to the Constitution, water-related issues, including water pollution, generally fall under the purview of State Legislatures.
- However, the central government has enacted specific legislation like the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, to address water pollution nationwide.
- While the central government can set regulations and standards, states are primarily responsible for implementing and enforcing water pollution control measures at a local level, with additional power to create state-specific laws as necessary.