Science and Technology MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Science and Technology - Download Free PDF

The Correct Answer is Kashmir university.

In News

• India's first gene-edited sheep developed by Kashmir university researchers.

Key Points

• India’s first gene-edited sheep was developed by a Kashmir-based agricultural university.

• The project was led by Riaz Ahmad Shah, who also cloned India’s first Pashmina goat 'Noori' in 2012.

• CRISPR-Cas9 technology was used for the gene editing.

• The gene-edited sheep contains no foreign DNA, unlike transgenic organisms.

• The target was the myostatin gene, to increase muscle mass by about 30%.

• This trait is common in some European breeds but absent in Indian sheep.

• CRISPR-Cas9 is derived from a bacterial immune system that cuts viral DNA.

• Gene editing allows precise changes to DNA such as adding, removing, or altering genes.

• The project followed international biosafety protocols.

The correct answer is Statement 1 and Statement 2.

• Statement 1 is correct because WHO declared a polio outbreak in Papua New Guinea after detecting circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) in children from Lae city, Morobe province.
• Statement 2 is correct as the Lassa fever outbreak occurred in Nigeria, caused by the Lassa virus, which is primarily transmitted through contact with contaminated food or household items contaminated by urine or feces of infected Mastomys rats.

In News

• In May 2025, WHO declared a polio outbreak in Papua New Guinea and Nigeria faced a severe Lassa fever outbreak with significant fatalities.

Key Points

• Polio Outbreak Location & Cause: Papua New Guinea reported circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) in Lae city, Morobe province.
• Vaccination Coverage: Less than 50% of Papua New Guinea’s population is fully immunized, leading to vulnerability.
• Lassa Fever Location & Pathogen: Nigeria is battling a severe outbreak of Lassa fever caused by the Lassa virus transmitted primarily through contact with infected Mastomys rats.
• Impact of Lassa Fever: 717 cases and 138 deaths reported in 18 states with a high fatality rate of 19.2% in 2025.

Additional Information

• Circulating Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus (cVDPV): A rare strain of poliovirus that can emerge in under-immunized populations from the oral polio vaccine strain.
• Lassa Fever: An acute viral hemorrhagic illness endemic in West Africa, caused by the Lassa virus, with rodents as the natural reservoir.
• Outbreak Control: WHO and local authorities launched mass vaccination for polio; Nigeria’s NCDC activated a multi-sectoral response for Lassa fever emphasizing early diagnosis and treatment.

The correct answer is option 2.

In News

• IIT Bombay researchers have recently developed this 4-terminal tandem solar cell using an indigenously developed halide perovskite semiconductor combined with silicon technology, increasing power conversion efficiency to approximately 30%.

Key Points

• Perovskite solar cells use crystal structures similar to calcium titanium oxide (CaTiO₃), with general formula ABX₃. Hence, the statement on perovskite structure is correct.
• The 4-terminal tandem structure combines perovskite and silicon cells to improve efficiency. Hence, the statement on tandem structure is correct.
• Perovskite cells are affordable and locally producible but face challenges in lifespan and stability. Hence, the statement on affordability and limitations is correct.

Additional Information

• Perovskite solar cells have an estimated lifespan of at least 20 years.
• They are a promising photovoltaic technology due to their high efficiency and cost-effectiveness.

The incorrect statement is Option 3: The species is taxonomically classified as a subspecies of Euthalia lubentina.

• Explanation: Euthalia malaccana is recognized as a distinct species, previously considered a subspecies of Euthalia adonia, not Euthalia lubentina.

In News

• Euthalia malaccana, previously known only from Southeast Asia, has been officially recorded for the first time in India from Basar, Arunachal Pradesh. 

Key Points

• Discovered in Basar, Leparada district, Arunachal Pradesh, at approximately 685 meters altitude.
• Five individuals documented between 2023 and 2024 through fieldwork and photography.
• Discovered by citizen scientists Roshan Upadhaya and Taslima Sheikh.
• Findings published in the international journal SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia.
• Taxonomically, Euthalia malaccana is now recognized as a distinct species, previously considered a subspecies of Euthalia adonia.
• Native range includes northern Thailand, Malay Peninsula, and Sunda Islands; this record expands its range into the Indo-Australian biogeographic region.
• Males are identified by a distinctive blue apical spot on forewings; females have larger apical spots and reduced red spots on hindwings, distinguishing them from related species like Euthalia lubentina.

The Correct Answer is Hidden quantum/topological properties.

In News

• New method developed to detect hidden properties in exotic materials. 

Key Points

• Scientists at Raman Research Institute (RRI), Bengaluru developed a new method to detect hidden quantum properties.

• The method uses the spectral function to analyze topological materials like topological insulators and superconductors.

• These materials are important for quantum computing, fault-tolerant electronics, and energy-efficient systems.

• Topological invariance explains how some properties remain unchanged under deformation (e.g., donut vs. coffee cup).

• Key concepts: winding numbers (1D) and Chern numbers (2D).

• The study was led by Professor Dibyendu Roy and Kiran Babasaheb Estake.

• The research was published in Physical Review B.

• Their method may serve as an easier alternative to traditional tools like ARPES.

The correct answer is Prithvi.

Key Points

• Prithvi was the first Indian missile.
• It was a surface-to-surface ballistic missile.
• It was inducted into the Forces Command in 2003.
• It was developed under the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (IGMDP).
• It was developed by Defence Research Development Organization.
• Dr A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was the brain behind this project.
• He was the former President of India, famously known as the Missile Man of India.

The correct answer is Sindhu Netra Satellite.

Key Points

• The Sindhu Netra satellite has been developed by the young scientists of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO).
• ISRO launched the 'Sindhu Netra' satellite using, PSLV-C51 from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh on 28 February 2021.
• It is capable of automatically identifying the warships and merchant ships operating in the Indian Ocean region.

Important Points

• India’s Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle PSLV-C51 also launched Amazonia-1 along with 18 co-passenger satellites from Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR, Sriharikota.
• Amazônia-1 or SSR-1 is the first Earth observation satellite developed by Brazil and launched by NSIL with the help of ISRO.
• It is the 1st dedicated commercial mission of NewSpace India Limited (NSIL), a GoI company under the Space Department

Additional Information

• DRDO
  • DRDO stands for Defence Research and Development Organisation.
  • Headquarters: New Delhi
  • Founded: 1958
  • Motto : Balasya Mulam Vigyanam (Strength's Origin is in Science)
  • Chairperson: Dr Samir V Kamat

The correct answer is 2024.

Mistake Points

• Two uncrewed Gaganyan missions will be launched in 2023-2024 and the final crewed Gaganyaan mission will be launched in 2024.

Key Points

• According to Union Minister of State for Space Jitendra Singh, India's first human space flight mission under the 'Gaganyaan program' is scheduled to launch in the fourth quarter of 2024.
• Gaganyaan, India's first human space mission, is set to launch in 2024.
• Two uncrewed Gaganyan missions, uncrewed mission 'G1'(in the last quarter of 2023) and the second uncrewed mission 'G2' in the second quarter of 2024
• The second mission will carry "Vyommitra", a spacefaring human-robot developed by ISRO, in the second quarter of 2024.

Important Points

•  India will become the fourth nation in the world to launch a Human Spaceflight Mission after USA, Russia and China.
• The major missions viz., Test vehicle flight for the validation of Crew Escape System performance and the 1st Uncrewed mission of Gaganyaan (G1) are scheduled during the beginning of 2nd half of 2022. 
• The astronaut training facility is getting established in Bengaluru and in advanced stage of completion.
• Basic Aeromedical training and flying practice completed as part of the Indian leg of training.
• The design of all systems of Gaganyaan has been completed. 
• The configuration and design of ground infrastructure have been completed and modifications needed are being implemented.

The correct answer is Iran.

Key Points

• Iran's paramilitary Revolutionary Guard launched a second satellite into space in March 2022.
• The Noor-2 satellite reached a low orbit on the Ghased satellite carrier.
• Ghased is a three-phase, mixed fuel satellite carrier. 
• The Guard launched its first Noor satellite in 2020, revealing to the world it ran its own space programme.

Important Points

• Noor 2 is orbiting at an altitude of 500 kilometres (311 miles). 
• The three-stage Qased, or "Messenger", carrier launched the Noor 2, from the Shahroud space port.
• The same type of rockets, which use a combination of liquid and solid fuels, carried the first military satellite.

Additional Information

• Iran:
  • Capital - Tehran.
  • Currency - Iranian rial.
  • President - Ebrahim Raisi.
  • National Sport - Freestyle wrestling.

The correct answer is PSLV-C52.

Key Points

• The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) launched the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, PSLV-C52, carrying three satellites on 14 Feb 2022 from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota.
• It was carrying EOS-04, a radar imaging satellite.
• The other two satellites include one student satellite (INSPIREsat-1) from IIST, and a technology demonstrator satellite (INS-2TD) from ISRO.

Additional Information

• ​India’s Polar rocket, Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle PSLV-C51 has successfully launched Amazonia-1 of Brazil and 18 other satellites from the spaceport.
• The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) had launched the 51st mission of Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle PSLV C49 in 2020.
  • ISRO Chairman: Shri S. Somanath (as of Feb 2022).
  • ISRO Headquarters: Bengaluru, Karnataka.
  • ISRO established: 15 August 1969.
• Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) launched the country’s newest satellite named EMISAT, from PSLV C-45, from Sriharikota launch station.

The correct answer is ISRO.

• The word 'Vyommitra' is made up of two words of the Sanskrit language 'Vyom' and 'Mitra' which means space and friend respectively.
• This is the prototype of the Half-Humanoid female robot developed by ISRO.
• It was unveiled on 22 January 2020.

Additional Information 

• Vyommitra is planned to be sent on the manned space mission in December 2021 which will help the male astronauts.
• Under the "Gaganyaan" program, Vyommitra will be sent to unmanned missions at the end of this year and also next year before the astronauts left.
• The aim of its creation is that ISRO does not want to fly animals on board for its experiments like other nations do to find out how the human body reacts during long-duration in space.
• This humanoid robot will understand what weightlessness and radiation can do to a human body.

The correct answer is the Indian Institute of Science (IISc).

Important Points

• A team of engineers at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) had developed an intensive care unit (ICU) grade ventilator under the name of ‘Project Praana’.
• Recently, the team has successfully completed the prototyping of the ventilator, which is now in the process of being commercialised.
• The affordable ventilator uses only components made in India or components which are easily available in the domestic markets.
• The team developed the ventilator in a record 35 days.

The correct answer is Russia.

Key Points

• Yuri Borisov, the newly appointed director-general of  Roscosmos announced the plan to withdraw from the International Space Station.
• International Space Station was launched in the year 1998,and it has been continuously occupied since  November 2000. Along with Russia and USA the other countries includes Canada, Japan and 11 European countries.

Additional Information

• India is planning to lauch its first manned mission called Gaganyaan . Under this mission 3 people will be carried to space and willl stay there for a week.

The correct answer is 1991.

Key Points

• PARAM 8000:
  • The PARAM 8000 was the first machine in the series and was built from scratch.
  • Vijay P. Bhatkar is best known as the architect of India's national initiative in supercomputing where he led the development of Param supercomputers.
    • He developed the first Indian supercomputer, the PARAM 8000, in 1991.
  • PARAM is a series of supercomputers designed and assembled by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC).
  • PARAM means "supreme" in the Sanskrit language.
  • As of November 2020, the latest and fastest machine in the series is the PARAM Siddhi AI which ranks 63rd in the world.

Additional Information

• C-DAC:
  • C-DAC headquarters is in Pune, Maharastra. 
  • C-DAC was created in November 1987, originally as the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing Technology (C-DACT).
  • This was in response to issues purchasing supercomputers from foreign sources.
  • The Indian Government decided to try and develop indigenous computing technology.

The correct answer is Vikas.

Key Points

• ISRO successfully conducted a 25-second qualification test for its liquid propellant-based Vikas engine to be used under the Gaganyaan mission, in January 2022.
• The test was conducted at the ISRO Propulsion Complex in Mahendragri, Tamil Nadu.
• It was done to see how the engine performed in conditions that were not optimal, such as change in the fuel-oxidizer ratio or pressure in the fuel chamber.

Important Points

•  Three more tests will be conducted, totalling a duration of 75 seconds, to test the engine under varying conditions.
• Then, a long-duration test for 240 seconds will be conducted to qualify the engine for carrying humans to space.
• Two Vikas engines have already been tested for 240 seconds each under optimal operating conditions.
• This is one of the three engines that the space agency will have to qualify to finally make the entire launch vehicle human rated .