Nursing Ethics and Trends MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Nursing Ethics and Trends - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is Doctors.

Key Points

• The Hippocratic Oath is an ethical code attributed to the ancient Greek physician Hippocrates.
• It is one of the oldest binding documents in history.
• The Oath is still held sacred by physicians, and its principles are considered fundamental to the practice of medicine.
• The modern version of the Oath emphasizes the importance of ethics and integrity in the medical profession.

• Continuing education refers to the extension of opportunities for study and training to individuals following their completion of or withdrawal from full-time school or college.
• It encompasses a broad range of learning activities and programs designed to help individuals maintain and improve their professional skills, acquire new competencies, and stay current with developments in their field.
• Continuing education can include courses, workshops, seminars, conferences, and other formal or informal learning experiences.

• Rationale: In-service education refers to training provided to employees while they are employed. It is aimed at enhancing their skills and knowledge to improve job performance.
• This type of education is typically specific to the job and provided by the employer, often as part of professional development.

• Rationale: Job induction, also known as orientation, is the process of introducing new employees to the organization, their roles, responsibilities, and the work environment.
• It aims to help new hires acclimate to the company culture and understand their job functions and expectations.

• Rationale: Job orientation is similar to job induction and involves familiarizing new employees with the organization, their job roles, and the workplace.
• It is an initial training phase to help new employees settle into their positions and understand organizational policies and procedures.

• Among the given options, continuing education is the correct term that refers to the extension of learning opportunities after formal education has ended. It plays a crucial role in helping individuals stay updated with the latest knowledge and skills in their field.

• The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health. It was established on April 7, 1948, and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.
• The target "Health for All by the Year 2000" was declared by the WHO during the Alma-Ata Declaration in 1978. This declaration was a major milestone in the promotion of primary health care (PHC) as the key to achieving an acceptable level of health for all people by the year 2000.
• The objective was to ensure that everyone in the world should attain a level of health that would allow them to lead a socially and economically productive life. It emphasized the importance of primary health care, which includes education, prevention, and treatment of common diseases and injuries, as well as the promotion of proper nutrition and the provision of essential drugs.

• Rationale: The United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) is an agency of the United Nations responsible for providing humanitarian and developmental aid to children worldwide. It was created in December 1946. While UNICEF plays a crucial role in child health and welfare, it did not declare the "Health for All by 2000" target.

• Rationale: The Red Cross Society, also known as the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), is a global humanitarian organization that provides emergency assistance, disaster relief, and education. It was established in 1919. The Red Cross Society focuses on various health initiatives but was not the entity that declared the "Health for All by 2000" target.

• Rationale: The Trained Nurses' Association of India (TNAI) is a national professional association of nurses in India. It was established in 1908. TNAI aims to improve the standards of nursing education and practice in India but was not responsible for the global "Health for All by 2000" target.

• Among the given options, the WHO was the organization that declared the "Health for All by 2000" target during the Alma-Ata Declaration in 1978. This initiative emphasized the importance of primary health care as a means to achieve significant improvements in global health.

• The International Council of Nurses (ICN) is a federation of more than 130 national nurses associations, representing the millions of nurses worldwide. It works to ensure quality nursing care for all and sound health policies globally.
• One of the key activities of the ICN is the publication of the Code of Ethics for Nurses. This code provides ethical guidance and sets forth principles for nurses in their everyday practice, ensuring that they uphold high standards of conduct and decision-making in their profession.

• Rationale: The Nursing Journal of India is published by the Indian Nursing Council (INC), not the International Council of Nurses. The INC is a national organization focused on the regulation and training of nursing professionals in India.

• Rationale: The Indian Nursing Yearbook is also published by the Indian Nursing Council (INC) and contains comprehensive information about nursing education and practice in India. This publication is not an activity of the ICN.

• Rationale: This option suggests that the ICN is responsible for all the listed publications, which is incorrect. Only the publication of the Code of Ethics for Nurses falls under the activities of the ICN.

• The International Council of Nurses focuses on international standards and policies for nursing practice, and one of its significant contributions is the publication of the Code of Ethics for Nurses. This code helps guide nurses globally in maintaining ethical and professional standards in their practice.

• The national headquarters of the Student Nurses' Association (SNA) is situated in New Delhi. The SNA is an integral part of the Trained Nurses' Association of India (TNAI), and its headquarters are located in the capital city of India.
• New Delhi, being the capital city, hosts many national organizations and associations, making it a central hub for various administrative and operational activities related to healthcare and nursing education in India.

• Rationale: Jaipur is a major city in the state of Rajasthan, known for its historical monuments and cultural heritage. However, it is not the location of the national headquarters of the Student Nurses' Association.

• Rationale: Bombay, now known as Mumbai, is the financial capital of India and hosts many significant institutions and organizations. However, it is not the location of the national headquarters of the Student Nurses' Association.

• Rationale: Chennai is a major city in the state of Tamil Nadu and is known for its educational institutions and healthcare facilities. However, the national headquarters of the Student Nurses' Association is not located here.

• Among the given options, New Delhi is the correct location for the national headquarters of the Student Nurses' Association. It is strategically situated in the capital city, which serves as a central point for the administration and coordination of nursing-related activities across the nation.

• A key responsibility of a nurse, as per the code of ethics in the nursing profession, is to strive to maintain and uphold the highest standards of the nursing profession. This involves adhering to ethical practices, continually improving their skills, and providing the best possible care to patients.
• Maintaining high standards includes staying current with medical advancements, following best practices, and ensuring patient safety and dignity.
• This commitment to high standards ensures that the nursing profession is respected and trusted by the public, and that patients receive the highest quality of care.

• Rationale: While earning a living is a practical necessity, the primary motivation for nursing care should not be financial gain. The focus should be on patient care and ethical practice.

• Rationale: Although it is important for a nurse to be knowledgeable about nursing procedures, simply knowing them is not sufficient. High standards in nursing go beyond technical knowledge and include ethical practice, empathy, and continuous professional development.

• Rationale: While providing free care may be noble and necessary in certain situations, it is not a realistic expectation for the nursing profession as a whole. Nurses need to be compensated for their work to sustain their livelihood and ensure the profession attracts and retains skilled practitioners.

• Maintaining the highest standard of nursing profession encapsulates the ethical, practical, and professional responsibilities of a nurse. It is essential for ensuring patient trust, safety, and the overall integrity of the profession. While other aspects such as knowledge of procedures and appropriate compensation are important, they do not singularly define the core ethical responsibility of maintaining high standards.

• The first code of ethics for the nursing profession was adopted by the American Nurses Association (ANA) in 1953. This code was designed to guide nurses in their practice and ensure they provide ethical and high-quality care to patients.
• The code of ethics serves as a foundational document for the nursing profession, outlining the ethical obligations and duties of every individual who enters the nursing profession.
• The adoption of this code marked a significant step in the professionalization of nursing, emphasizing the importance of ethical standards in healthcare.

• The International Council of Nurses (ICN) is a federation of more than 130 national nurses associations, representing millions of nurses worldwide. The ICN works to ensure quality nursing care for all, sound health policies globally, and the advancement of nursing knowledge.
• The ICN Code of Ethics for Nurses was first adopted in 1953 and has been revised multiple times since then to reflect the changing healthcare landscape. It sets out the ethical standards that nurses are expected to uphold in their professional practice.
• The code provides a guide for action based on social values and needs, offering a framework for ethical decision-making and identifying the primary responsibilities of nurses.

• Rationale: The Indian Nursing Council (INC) is a national regulatory body for nurses and nursing education in India. While it sets standards for nursing education and practice within India, it does not publish the international code of ethics.

• Rationale: The Rajasthan Nursing Council is a state-level regulatory body responsible for overseeing nursing education and practice within the state of Rajasthan, India. It does not have the authority to publish an international code of ethics.

• Rationale: The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health. While WHO sets global health standards and guidelines, the code of ethics for nurses is specifically published by the International Council of Nurses.

• The International Council of Nurses is the correct body that adopts and publishes the code of ethics in nursing. This code is essential for guiding the professional conduct of nurses globally and ensuring that they adhere to the highest ethical standards in their practice.

• Ethics in nursing refers to the moral principles and standards that guide the behavior of nurses. These principles ensure that nurses provide care that is respectful, compassionate, and in the best interest of patients.
• Ethical guidelines in nursing include principles such as beneficence (doing good), non-maleficence (avoiding harm), autonomy (respecting patients' decisions), and justice (fair treatment for all patients).
• Nurses are expected to adhere to these ethical principles in all aspects of their practice, including patient care, interactions with colleagues, and professional conduct.

• Rationale: This option refers to the clinical tasks and interventions that nurses perform as part of their job. While important, these procedures are guided by clinical guidelines and protocols, not necessarily by ethical principles.

• Rationale: This option includes the duties and roles that a nurse is expected to fulfill, such as patient care, documentation, and coordination of care. While ethics play a role in how these responsibilities are carried out, this option does not specifically address ethical principles.

• Rationale: This option highlights personal attributes such as compassion, empathy, and competence. Although these characteristics are important and can be influenced by ethical principles, they do not constitute the full scope of ethics in nursing.

• Ethics in nursing is fundamentally about the rules and principles that guide correct behavior in the profession. These ethical standards ensure that nurses provide care that is in the best interest of their patients while maintaining professionalism and integrity in their practice.

The correct answer is Doctors.

Key Points

• The Hippocratic Oath is an ethical code attributed to the ancient Greek physician Hippocrates.
• It is one of the oldest binding documents in history.
• The Oath is still held sacred by physicians, and its principles are considered fundamental to the practice of medicine.
• The modern version of the Oath emphasizes the importance of ethics and integrity in the medical profession.

• Counselor-centered counseling is a technique in which the counselor takes an active role in analyzing the client’s issues and providing specific guidance or solutions. This method focuses more on the intellectual aspects rather than the emotional aspects of the client's problems.
• In counselor-centered counseling, the counselor directs the conversation, offers interpretations, and suggests ways to address the issues at hand. The counselor's expertise and insights are considered crucial in helping the client understand and solve their problems.

• Rationale: Also known as person-centered counseling, this technique was developed by Carl Rogers and emphasizes the importance of the client's perspective. The counselor provides a supportive environment where the client can explore their feelings and thoughts. The emotional aspects are more significant in this approach, and the client leads the conversation.

• Rationale: Elective counseling is not a standard term in counseling practices. It might refer to a combination of various counseling techniques tailored to the client's specific needs, but it does not emphasize intellectual aspects over emotional ones.

• Rationale: Supervisory counseling involves a more experienced counselor overseeing the work of a less experienced counselor. The focus here is on professional development and ensuring quality counseling services, rather than addressing the client's intellectual or emotional issues directly.

• Among the given options, counselor-centered counseling is the technique where intellectual aspects are more significant than emotional aspects. This approach relies on the counselor's expertise to guide the client in understanding and resolving their issues through intellectual analysis and specific guidance.

• Client-centred counselling, also known as person-centred therapy, is a non-directive form of talk therapy that emphasizes the emotional aspects of the client's experience. It was developed by Carl Rogers in the 1940s and 1950s.
• This approach focuses on the individual's feelings and emotions rather than their intellectual or cognitive aspects. The therapist provides a supportive environment in which clients can explore their thoughts and feelings without judgment.
• Key principles include empathy, unconditional positive regard, and congruence, helping clients to achieve self-acceptance and personal growth.

• Rationale: In counselor-centred counselling, the therapist plays a more directive role, guiding the session and providing solutions or advice. It is more focused on the intellectual aspect and problem-solving rather than exploring the client's emotions.

• Rationale: Elective counselling is not a standard term in the field of counselling. It may refer to a method where the client chooses from various therapeutic approaches, but it lacks a specific focus on emotional aspects.

• Rationale: Supervisory counselling is typically used in professional settings where a supervisor provides guidance and support to a counsellor or therapist. It focuses on the professional development and skills of the therapist rather than the emotional aspects of the client's experience.

• Among the given options, client-centred counselling is the approach that prioritizes the emotional aspects of the client's experience. It creates a non-judgmental and empathetic environment that fosters self-acceptance and personal growth.

• In the nursing field, counseling is an essential component that addresses various aspects of students' academic and personal development. Effective counseling helps students navigate their educational journey, overcome challenges, and prepare for their future careers.
• Counseling assists students in planning for their educational choices by providing guidance on course selection, career paths, and further studies. This ensures that students are well-informed and can make decisions that align with their goals and interests.
• Counseling motivates students for self-employment by helping them recognize their strengths, interests, and potential career opportunities. It encourages them to pursue entrepreneurial ventures and become self-reliant professionals.
• Counseling helps students work out a plan for solving their difficulties, whether academic, personal, or social. It provides a supportive environment where students can discuss their issues and receive constructive advice and strategies to overcome them.

• Rationale: This option focuses solely on the academic guidance aspect of counseling, which is important but only one part of the broader support provided through counseling.

• Rationale: This option emphasizes encouraging students toward entrepreneurship, which is beneficial, but it does not encompass the full range of counseling services needed in the nursing field.

• Rationale: This option highlights the problem-solving support aspect of counseling, which is crucial, but it is not the only function of counseling in nursing education.

• In conclusion, counseling in the nursing field is multi-faceted, addressing educational planning, motivation for self-employment, and problem-solving support. Therefore, the correct answer encompasses all of these aspects, as effective counseling in nursing education requires a holistic approach to support students in various dimensions of their development.

• Counselling is a dynamic and purposeful relationship between two people who approach a mutually defined problem with mutual consideration of each other. It involves the counselor and the client working together to address the client's issues in a supportive and constructive manner.
• The goal of counselling is to help the client understand and resolve their problems by exploring their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. This process promotes personal growth and self-awareness.

• Rationale: Supervision involves overseeing the work or tasks of another person. It is often related to workplace settings where a supervisor ensures that employees are performing their duties correctly and efficiently. Unlike counselling, supervision does not necessarily involve a mutual problem-solving process.

• Rationale: Motivation refers to the process that initiates, guides, and sustains goal-oriented behaviors. It is about the internal and external factors that stimulate desire and energy in individuals to be continually interested and committed to a job, role, or subject. Motivation is not specifically about a relationship between two people working on a problem together.

• Rationale: Budgeting involves creating a plan to spend your money. This financial plan helps individuals and organizations allocate their resources, set priorities, and ensure that they have enough funds for their needs. Budgeting is a financial management tool and does not pertain to a dynamic and purposeful relationship between two people.

• Among the given options, counselling is the correct answer because it specifically involves a collaborative and supportive relationship between two individuals working through mutually defined problems. The other options relate to different contexts and do not capture the essence of this interpersonal process.

• The Nursing Journal of India is a reputable publication dedicated to the field of nursing, providing professionals with the latest research, news, and developments in the industry.
• The journal is published by the Trained Nurses' Association of India (TNAI), an organization established in 1908 with the aim of advancing the nursing profession in India through education, research, and practice.
• TNAI plays a pivotal role in setting standards for nursing practice, promoting the welfare of nurses, and advocating for quality healthcare services.

• Rationale: The Indian Nursing Council (INC) is a statutory body under the Government of India responsible for maintaining and regulating the standards of nursing education and practice in India. It does not publish the Nursing Journal of India.

• Rationale: The Student Nurses Association (SNA) is a wing of TNAI aimed at fostering the professional development of nursing students. SNA focuses on the growth and education of nursing students but does not publish the Nursing Journal of India.

• Rationale: The International Council of Nurses (ICN) is a federation of more than 130 national nurses associations, including TNAI. ICN works globally to represent nurses and promote the nursing profession, but it does not publish the Nursing Journal of India.

• The Nursing Journal of India is published by the Trained Nurses' Association of India (TNAI). TNAI is integral to the nursing profession in India, providing resources, research, and support to nurses across the country. The other options, INC, SNA, and ICN, are significant organizations in their own right but are not responsible for publishing this particular journal.