Human Rights Law MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Human Rights Law - Download Free PDF

Last updated on May 15, 2025

Latest Human Rights Law MCQ Objective Questions

Human Rights Law Question 1:

Which of the following declaration of the Hague Convention Concerning Expanding Bullets of 1899 prohibits the use of dum-dum bullets?

  1. Declaration I
  2. Declaration II
  3. Declaration III
  4. Declaration IV

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : Declaration III

Human Rights Law Question 1 Detailed Solution

The correct answer is 'Declaration III of the Hague Convention of 1899'

Key Points

  • Declaration III of the Hague Convention of 1899:
    • Declaration III explicitly prohibits the use of bullets that expand or flatten easily in the human body, commonly referred to as dum-dum bullets.
    • Dum-dum bullets were designed to cause greater damage by expanding upon impact, resulting in severe injuries and suffering.
    • The prohibition reflects the principles of international humanitarian law aimed at reducing unnecessary suffering during armed conflicts.
    • Such bullets were deemed contrary to the laws of war and the spirit of humanity, leading to their formal ban in Declaration III.

Additional Information

  • Declaration I:
    • Declaration I of the Hague Convention of 1899 pertains to the prohibition of launching projectiles and explosives from balloons or other similar methods.
    • It does not address the use of expanding bullets and is unrelated to the issue of dum-dum bullets.
  • Declaration II:
    • Declaration II deals with the prohibition of the use of projectiles containing poison gases.
    • While it addresses another aspect of limiting suffering in warfare, it is not relevant to the prohibition of expanding bullets.
  • Declaration IV:
    • Declaration IV is not part of the Hague Convention of 1899 but rather pertains to later conventions or unrelated provisions.
    • This option does not address the issue of dum-dum bullets and is incorrect in this context.

Human Rights Law Question 2:

Arrange the following provisions of the Hague Convention, 1907 in the numerical order in which they appear:

(A) The Pacific Settlement of International Disputes

(B) The Limitation of Employment of Force for Recovery of Contract Debts

(C) The Opening of Hostilities

(D) The Laws and Customs of War on land

(E) The Rights and Duties of Neutral Power and Persons in case of War on Land

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

  1. (A), (B), (C), (D), (E)
  2. (A), (E), (D), (C), (B)
  3. (B), (D), (C), (E), (A)
  4. (B), (C), (A), (D), (E)

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : (A), (B), (C), (D), (E)

Human Rights Law Question 2 Detailed Solution

The correct answer is 'Option 1: (A), (B), (C), (D), (E)'

Key Points

  • Introduction to Hague Convention, 1907:
    • The Hague Convention of 1907 was a significant international treaty aimed at codifying the laws of war and laying down rules for peaceful settlement of disputes, conduct during hostilities, and the rights of neutral powers.
    • It consisted of several provisions, each addressing specific aspects of international law, warfare, and neutrality.
    • The numerical arrangement of provisions reflects their logical progression and thematic grouping within the Convention.
  • Correct numerical order based on the provisions:
    • (A) The Pacific Settlement of International Disputes: This provision appears first as it deals with the peaceful resolution of conflicts, establishing methods such as arbitration and mediation to prevent wars.
    • (B) The Limitation of Employment of Force for Recovery of Contract Debts: This comes next, focusing on restricting the use of military force for recovering contractual debts, emphasizing peaceful methods of dispute resolution.
    • (C) The Opening of Hostilities: This provision outlines the rules and procedures to be followed before commencing hostilities, ensuring transparency and accountability.
    • (D) The Laws and Customs of War on Land: This section codifies conduct during warfare, including treatment of prisoners, protection of civilians, and prohibition of unnecessary destruction.
    • (E) The Rights and Duties of Neutral Power and Persons in case of War on Land: This final provision addresses the responsibilities of neutral states and individuals during conflicts, ensuring their rights and duties are respected.

Additional Information

  • Option 2: (A), (E), (D), (C), (B):
    • This arrangement incorrectly places the provision about neutral powers (E) before the codification of war laws (D) and the opening of hostilities (C), disrupting the logical progression of topics.
    • The Pacific Settlement of International Disputes (A) is correctly placed first, but the rest of the order does not align with the numerical arrangement of the Hague Convention.
  • Option 3: (B), (D), (C), (E), (A):
    • This option starts with the Limitation of Employment of Force for Recovery of Contract Debts (B) instead of the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes (A), which is the first provision in the Convention.
    • The arrangement disrupts the logical flow, placing (A) last, even though it sets the foundation for peaceful dispute resolution.
  • Option 4: (B), (C), (A), (D), (E):
    • This option places (B) and (C) before (A), which is incorrect as (A) is the foundational provision for peaceful settlement in the Hague Convention.
    • The order does not adhere to the numerical arrangement of the provisions in the original treaty, creating inconsistencies in thematic progression.

Human Rights Law Question 3:

In the context of refugees, which of the following options provide the analogous Article of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights corresponding to Article 3 of the ECHR ?

  1. Article 3
  2. Article 4
  3. Article 5
  4. Article 6

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Article 4

Human Rights Law Question 3 Detailed Solution

The correct answer is 'Article 4 of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights'

Key Points

  • Article 4 of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights:
    • Article 4 of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights explicitly prohibits torture and inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, mirroring the protections provided under Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR).
    • It ensures that no individual, including refugees or asylum seekers, is subjected to actions that would constitute inhuman or degrading treatment.
    • This prohibition is absolute, meaning it applies in all circumstances, regardless of the situation or the individual's status, making it a cornerstone of human rights protection within the EU.
    • In the context of refugees, this article serves to protect them from being returned to countries where they may face such treatment, aligning with the principle of non-refoulement under international law.

Additional Information

  • Why other options are incorrect:
    • Option 1 - Article 3: Article 3 of the EU Charter relates to the right to integrity of the person, including prohibitions on eugenic practices, human cloning, and non-consensual medical experiments. It does not address torture or inhuman treatment, making it different from Article 3 of the ECHR.
    • Option 3 - Article 5: Article 5 of the EU Charter addresses the prohibition of slavery and forced labor. While it is a critical human rights provision, it does not correspond to Article 3 of the ECHR, which focuses on torture and inhuman treatment.
    • Option 4 - Article 6: Article 6 pertains to the right to liberty and security, aligning more with Article 5 of the ECHR rather than Article 3. It does not address issues of torture or inhuman treatment.
  • Importance of Article 3 of the ECHR:
    • Article 3 of the ECHR is a fundamental provision that prohibits torture and inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment under all circumstances.
    • This article has significant implications for the treatment of refugees and asylum seekers, as it prohibits their return to countries where they may face such treatment (principle of non-refoulement).
  • Relationship between EU Charter and ECHR:
    • The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and the ECHR share several common principles, as the Charter draws heavily from the ECHR in defining fundamental rights within the EU legal framework.
    • While the ECHR is a treaty under the Council of Europe, the Charter is binding on EU institutions and member states when they implement EU law.

Human Rights Law Question 4:

Arrange the following legislations in the chronological order of their enactment.

A. Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act

B. Right of Persons with Disabilities Act

C. Protection of Womens from Domestic Violence Act

D. Forest Rights Act

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

  1. D. A, C, B
  2. C, D, B, A
  3. C, D, A, B
  4. B, C, D, A

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : C, D, A, B

Human Rights Law Question 4 Detailed Solution

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

Chronological Arrangement of the Legislations:

  • The legislations mentioned are enacted to address various social issues and rights, and they were introduced in different years.
  1. Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act (2005):

    • This Act was enacted in 2005 to protect women from domestic violence and to provide them with legal recourse and support.
  2. Forest Rights Act (2006):

    • Also known as the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, this legislation was enacted in 2006 to recognize the rights of the forest-dwelling communities.
  3. Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act (2007):

    • This Act was enacted in 2007 to ensure the maintenance and welfare of parents and senior citizens by their children or relatives.
  4. Right of Persons with Disabilities Act (2016):

    • This Act was enacted in 2016 to ensure the rights and dignity of persons with disabilities and to provide them with equal opportunities and protection from discrimination.

Conclusion:

  • The correct chronological order of the legislations is:
    • C. Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act (2005)
    • D. Forest Rights Act (2006)
    • A. Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act (2007)
    • B. Right of Persons with Disabilities Act (2016)

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3: C, D, A, B.

Human Rights Law Question 5:

Which of the following is undefined in the International Convention on the “Protection of the Rights of all Migrant Workers and Members of their Family, 1990"?

  1. Migrant worker
  2. Unorganised worker
  3. Seasonal worker
  4. Frontier worker

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Unorganised worker

Human Rights Law Question 5 Detailed Solution

The correct answer is 'Unorganised worker'

Key Points

  • International Convention on the "Protection of the Rights of all Migrant Workers and Members of their Family, 1990":
    • This convention was adopted by the United Nations to protect the rights of migrant workers and their families, recognizing their contributions to both their home and host countries.
    • The convention defines various categories of workers, ensuring their rights and protection under international law.
  • Unorganised worker:
    • The term "unorganised worker" is not defined within the convention, making it the correct answer.
    • The convention primarily focuses on migrant workers and their families, not differentiating between organised and unorganised workers.
  • Migrant worker:
    • Defined in the convention as a person engaged in a remunerated activity in a state of which they are not a national.
    • It covers various types of migrant workers including those in regular and irregular situations.
  • Seasonal worker:
    • Defined in the convention as a migrant worker whose work by its character is dependent on seasonal conditions and is performed only during part of the year.
  • Frontier worker:
    • Defined in the convention as a migrant worker who retains habitual residence in a neighboring state to which they normally return every day or at least once a week.

Additional Information

  • Importance of the Convention:
    • The convention is significant as it sets out a comprehensive framework for the protection of the rights of migrant workers and their families.
    • It addresses issues such as non-discrimination, humane working and living conditions, and the right to family reunification.
  • Implementation:
    • Countries that ratify the convention are required to align their national laws with its provisions, ensuring the rights and protections it offers are upheld.
    • Despite its importance, the convention has seen limited ratification, particularly among migrant-receiving countries.

Top Human Rights Law MCQ Objective Questions

Human Rights Law Question 6:

In order to ensure speedy trial of human rights violation cases, the State Government may with the concurrence of the Chief Justice may specify for each district a court of session to be a human right court. The provision is contained in which section of the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993?

  1. Section 20
  2. Section 10
  3. Section 25
  4. Section 30

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : Section 30

Human Rights Law Question 6 Detailed Solution

The correct answer is Section 30 of the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993

Key Points

  • Section 30 of the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993:
    • Section 30 empowers the State Government, with the concurrence of the Chief Justice of the High Court, to specify a Court of Session in each district as a Human Rights Court.
    • This provision is aimed at ensuring speedy trial of cases related to human rights violations.
    • The establishment of such courts is significant for the effective enforcement of human rights laws and quick redressal of grievances.

Additional Information

  • Section 20:
    • Section 20 deals with the annual and special reports of the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) and their submission to the Central Government and the State Government.
    • It does not pertain to the establishment of Human Rights Courts.
  • Section 10:
    • Section 10 outlines the functions of the NHRC, including its role in promoting and protecting human rights, but does not mention the establishment of Human Rights Courts.
  • Section 25:
    • Section 25 pertains to the establishment of Human Rights Commissions at the state level and their functions, but does not address the creation of Human Rights Courts.

Human Rights Law Question 7:

Which provision of the Human Rights Act, 1993 repeals the Protection of Human Rights Ordinance, 1993?

  1. Section 33
  2. Section 36
  3. Section 43
  4. Section 40B

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : Section 43

Human Rights Law Question 7 Detailed Solution

The correct answer is Section 43 of the Human Rights Act, 1993

Key Points

  • Section 43 of the Human Rights Act, 1993:
    • Section 43 of the Human Rights Act, 1993, specifically repeals the Protection of Human Rights Ordinance, 1993.
    • This section ensures a smooth transition from the ordinance to the formal Act, thereby consolidating human rights protections under a single legislative framework.
    • The repeal is a common legislative practice to replace temporary ordinances with permanent statutes, ensuring legal continuity and stability.

Additional Information

  • Section 33:
    • Section 33 deals with the establishment of Human Rights Courts for the speedy trial of offences arising out of human rights violations.
    • It is not related to the repeal of any ordinance.
  • Section 36:
    • Section 36 pertains to the functions and powers of the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC).
    • This section outlines the procedures and roles of the NHRC but does not address the repeal of any ordinance.
  • Section 40B:
    • Section 40B is not a part of the Human Rights Act, 1993. It appears to be an incorrect or non-existent section in this context.
    • Therefore, it has no relevance to the repeal of the Protection of Human Rights Ordinance, 1993.

Human Rights Law Question 8:

What is the legal nature of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)?

  1. The UDHR is a multilateral treaty.
  2. The UDHR is a UN General Assembly resolution.
  3. The UDHR is a UN Security resolution.
  4. The UDHR is a declaration adopted by several states at an international conference.

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : The UDHR is a UN General Assembly resolution.

Human Rights Law Question 8 Detailed Solution

The correct answer is 'The UDHR is a UN General Assembly resolution.'

Key Points

  • Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR):
    • The UDHR was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on December 10, 1948.
    • It serves as a foundational text for international human rights law, outlining fundamental human rights that should be universally protected.
    • While it is not a legally binding document, it has significantly influenced international human rights treaties, national constitutions, and other legal instruments.

Additional Information

  • Option 1: The UDHR is a multilateral treaty:
    • This is incorrect. A multilateral treaty is a binding agreement between multiple countries, whereas the UDHR is a declaration and not legally binding.
  • Option 3: The UDHR is a UN Security resolution:
    • This is incorrect. UN Security Council resolutions are typically binding and pertain to international peace and security, not general human rights.
  • Option 4: The UDHR is a declaration adopted by several states at an international conference:
    • This is incorrect. The UDHR was adopted by the UN General Assembly, not an international conference of states.

Human Rights Law Question 9:

Which of the following provision of the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 defines the 'Human Rights'?

  1. Section 2(b)
  2. Section 2(c)
  3. Section 2(d)
  4. Section 2(e)

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : Section 2(d)

Human Rights Law Question 9 Detailed Solution

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

  • Human Rights as defined in Section 2(d):
    • Section 2(d) of the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993, defines 'Human Rights' as the rights relating to life, liberty, equality, and dignity of the individual guaranteed by the Constitution or embodied in the International Covenants and enforceable by courts in India.
    • This section provides a comprehensive definition that includes various fundamental rights protected by the Constitution of India and international human rights instruments.

Additional Information

  • Overview of other options:
    • Section 2(b):
      • This section defines 'Chairperson' in the context of the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC).
      • It is not related to the definition of human rights.
    • Section 2(c):
      • This section defines 'Commission,' referring to the National Human Rights Commission, the State Human Rights Commission, or the Human Rights Courts.
      • It does not define human rights.
    • Section 2(e):
      • This section defines 'International Covenants,' which refers to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations.
      • It is not the section that defines human rights but is relevant to the context of human rights laws and standards.

Human Rights Law Question 10:

In the context of refugees, which of the following options provide the analogous Article of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights corresponding to Article 3 of the ECHR ?

  1. Article 3
  2. Article 4
  3. Article 5
  4. Article 6

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Article 4

Human Rights Law Question 10 Detailed Solution

The correct answer is 'Article 4 of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights'

Key Points

  • Article 4 of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights:
    • Article 4 of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights explicitly prohibits torture and inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, mirroring the protections provided under Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR).
    • It ensures that no individual, including refugees or asylum seekers, is subjected to actions that would constitute inhuman or degrading treatment.
    • This prohibition is absolute, meaning it applies in all circumstances, regardless of the situation or the individual's status, making it a cornerstone of human rights protection within the EU.
    • In the context of refugees, this article serves to protect them from being returned to countries where they may face such treatment, aligning with the principle of non-refoulement under international law.

Additional Information

  • Why other options are incorrect:
    • Option 1 - Article 3: Article 3 of the EU Charter relates to the right to integrity of the person, including prohibitions on eugenic practices, human cloning, and non-consensual medical experiments. It does not address torture or inhuman treatment, making it different from Article 3 of the ECHR.
    • Option 3 - Article 5: Article 5 of the EU Charter addresses the prohibition of slavery and forced labor. While it is a critical human rights provision, it does not correspond to Article 3 of the ECHR, which focuses on torture and inhuman treatment.
    • Option 4 - Article 6: Article 6 pertains to the right to liberty and security, aligning more with Article 5 of the ECHR rather than Article 3. It does not address issues of torture or inhuman treatment.
  • Importance of Article 3 of the ECHR:
    • Article 3 of the ECHR is a fundamental provision that prohibits torture and inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment under all circumstances.
    • This article has significant implications for the treatment of refugees and asylum seekers, as it prohibits their return to countries where they may face such treatment (principle of non-refoulement).
  • Relationship between EU Charter and ECHR:
    • The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and the ECHR share several common principles, as the Charter draws heavily from the ECHR in defining fundamental rights within the EU legal framework.
    • While the ECHR is a treaty under the Council of Europe, the Charter is binding on EU institutions and member states when they implement EU law.

Human Rights Law Question 11:

Which of the following is NOT part of 'International Bill of Rights'?

A. Magna Carta, 1215

B. Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948

C. International Convenent on Civil and Political Rights, 1966

D. Convention on Rights of the Child, 1989

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

  1. A and B only
  2. A and C only
  3. B and C only
  4. A, and D only

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : A, and D only

Human Rights Law Question 11 Detailed Solution

The correct answer is Option 4.

Key Points The International Bill of Rights refers to the core set of international human rights instruments, which includes:

  1. Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948):

    • A foundational document that articulates basic human rights.
    • Part of the International Bill of Rights.
  2. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966):

    • A legally binding treaty focused on civil and political rights.
    • Part of the International Bill of Rights.
  3. International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (1966):

    • A legally binding treaty addressing economic, social, and cultural rights.
    • Part of the International Bill of Rights.

Why are A and D not part of it?

  • A. Magna Carta (1215):
    While a significant historical document in the development of human rights, the Magna Carta is not part of the International Bill of Rights.

  • D. Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989):
    This is an important treaty, but it is a specialized convention dealing with children's rights, not part of the International Bill of Rights.

Human Rights Law Question 12:

UN Commission on Human Rights has been discarded and replaced by

  1. Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Committee
  2. Amnesty International
  3. Human Rights Committee
  4. Human Rights Council

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : Human Rights Council

Human Rights Law Question 12 Detailed Solution

The correct answer is 'Human Rights Council'

Key Points

  • Human Rights Council:
    • The United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) was established in 2006 to replace the UN Commission on Human Rights.
    • The UNHRC is responsible for promoting and protecting human rights around the globe and for addressing situations of human rights violations.
    • It consists of 47 member states elected by the United Nations General Assembly.
    • The Council's mechanisms include the Universal Periodic Review, Special Procedures, and the Advisory Committee.

Additional Information

  • Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Committee:
    • This committee monitors the implementation of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR).
    • It is not a replacement for the UN Commission on Human Rights but focuses on specific rights.
  • Amnesty International:
    • Amnesty International is a non-governmental organization focused on human rights.
    • It is not a UN body and thus could not replace the UN Commission on Human Rights.
  • Human Rights Committee:
    • This committee monitors the implementation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR).
    • It operates independently of the UN Human Rights Council and serves a different function.

Human Rights Law Question 13:

What right does Article 17 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), protect?

  1. Right to privacy and family life
  2. Right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion
  3. Right to peaceful assembly
  4. Right to freedom of expression

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : Right to privacy and family life

Human Rights Law Question 13 Detailed Solution

The correct answer is 'Right to privacy and family life'

Key Points

  • Article 17 of the ICCPR:
    • Article 17 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) specifically protects the right to privacy, family, home, and correspondence.
    • It ensures that no one shall be subjected to arbitrary or unlawful interference with their privacy, family, home, or correspondence, nor to unlawful attacks on their honor and reputation.
    • This article mandates that everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.

Additional Information

  • Right to freedom of thought, conscience, and religion:
    • This right is protected under Article 18 of the ICCPR, not Article 17.
    • It includes the freedom to have or adopt a religion or belief of one's choice and the freedom to manifest one's religion or belief in worship, observance, practice, and teaching.
  • Right to peaceful assembly:
    • Article 21 of the ICCPR protects the right to peaceful assembly.
    • This right ensures that individuals can gather for peaceful purposes without undue interference by the state.
  • Right to freedom of expression:
    • Article 19 of the ICCPR protects the right to freedom of expression.
    • This includes the freedom to seek, receive, and impart information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers.

Human Rights Law Question 14:

Article 15 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), recognises the right of everyone to

  1. political participation.
  2. access to health care.
  3. take part in culutural life.
  4. freedom of speech.

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : take part in culutural life.

Human Rights Law Question 14 Detailed Solution

The correct answer is 'take part in cultural life'

Key Points

  • Article 15 of the ICESCR:
    • Article 15 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) recognizes the right of everyone to take part in cultural life.
    • This article ensures that individuals have the opportunity to participate in cultural activities, enjoy the benefits of scientific progress and its applications, and benefit from the protection of moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary, or artistic production of which they are the author.
    • The right to take part in cultural life includes access to cultural goods and services, the ability to express one's cultural identity, and the freedom to create and disseminate cultural expressions.

Additional Information

  • Political participation:
    • Political participation is not covered under Article 15 of the ICESCR. It is typically associated with civil and political rights, such as those enumerated in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR).
  • Access to health care:
    • Access to health care is addressed under Article 12 of the ICESCR, which recognizes the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health.
  • Freedom of speech:
    • Freedom of speech is a civil and political right protected under Article 19 of the ICCPR, not the ICESCR. It ensures the right to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive, and impart information and ideas of all kinds.

Human Rights Law Question 15:

According to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedom without distinction of any kind. Which of the following is not mentioned as a basis for distinction?

  1. Race
  2. Colour
  3. Language
  4. Political opinion

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : Political opinion

Human Rights Law Question 15 Detailed Solution

The correct answer is 'Political opinion'

Key Points

  • Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR):
    • The UDHR is a milestone document in the history of human rights, proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948.
    • The declaration sets out fundamental human rights to be universally protected.
    • It emphasizes that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.
  • Basis for distinction:
    • The UDHR states that everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in the declaration without distinction of any kind.
    • Specifically, it mentions distinctions such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth, or other status.

Additional Information

  • Explanation of other options:
    • Race: The UDHR explicitly states that race should not be a basis for distinction in the enjoyment of human rights.
    • Colour: Similarly, colour is also mentioned as a prohibited basis for distinction under the UDHR.
    • Language: The declaration includes language as a factor that should not lead to discrimination in the exercise of human rights.
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