Human Rights Law MCQ Quiz in বাংলা - Objective Question with Answer for Human Rights Law - বিনামূল্যে ডাউনলোড করুন [PDF]

The correct answer is 1981

Key Points

• International Year of Disabled Persons:
  • In 1981, the United Nations General Assembly declared the year as the International Year of Disabled Persons (IYDP).
  • The main objective was to promote the rights and well-being of persons with disabilities and to raise awareness about their contributions to society.
  • The theme for IYDP was "Full Participation and Equality," aiming to provide equal opportunities and integration for disabled individuals into mainstream society.
  • Various programs and initiatives were launched globally to improve accessibility, employment opportunities, and social inclusion for disabled persons.

Additional Information

• Incorrect Options:
  • 1980: No specific designation related to disabled persons by the UN General Assembly in this year.
  • 1982: The momentum from IYDP in 1981 continued, but the year itself was not designated for disabled persons.
  • 1983: This year followed the initiatives started in 1981, but it did not have the specific title of International Year of Disabled Persons.
• Impact of IYDP 1981:
  • It led to the adoption of the World Programme of Action Concerning Disabled Persons in 1982.
  • Significantly influenced policies and legislation worldwide to improve the lives of disabled persons.
  • Helped in the establishment of organizations and advocacy groups focused on disability rights.

The correct answer is 'Second World War'

Key Points

• Development of modern human rights:
  • The modern conception of human rights significantly developed in the aftermath of the Second World War (1939-1945).
  • The atrocities committed during the war, including the Holocaust, highlighted the need for a universal framework to protect human rights.
  • This led to the establishment of the United Nations in 1945, with a primary aim of promoting peace and preventing such human rights violations in the future.
  • In 1948, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), a milestone document that set out fundamental human rights to be universally protected.

Additional Information

• First World War:
  • While the First World War (1914-1918) led to significant geopolitical changes and the formation of the League of Nations, it did not directly lead to the development of modern human rights in the same manner as the Second World War.
  • The focus post-First World War was more on nation-state sovereignty and less on individual human rights.
• Gulf War:
  • The Gulf War (1990-1991) was a conflict triggered by Iraq's invasion of Kuwait. Although it raised significant human rights concerns, it did not lead to the development of the modern human rights framework.
  • By the time of the Gulf War, the modern human rights framework was already well-established.
• World War (general):
  • The term "World War" generally refers to either the First or Second World War. While both had significant impacts, it is specifically the Second World War that catalyzed the modern human rights movement.

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points 

To arrange the enactments in chronological order, we need to look at the years each of these acts was enacted:

Maternity Benefit Act: This act was initially enacted in 1961 in India. The act regulates employment of women in certain establishments for certain periods before and after childbirth and provides for maternity and other benefits.

Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act: Previously known as the Suppression of Immoral Traffic in Women and Girls Act (SITA), it was amended and renamed in 1986. However, the original enactment happened in 1956 in India. It is aimed at preventing the trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation.

Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act: This act was enacted in 1971 in India. It aims to reduce the occurrence of illegal abortion and consequent maternal mortality and morbidity.

Equal Remuneration Act: It was enacted in 1976 in India. This act provides for the payment of equal remuneration to men and women workers and for the prevention of discrimination, on the ground of sex, against women in the matter of employment and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.

Given this information, the chronological order of the enactments for providing social justice is as follows:

1. Maternity Benefit Act (1961)
2. Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act (1956)
3. Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act (1971)
4. Equal Remuneration Act (1976)

Therefore, the correct option is:

Option 3) (b), (d), (c), (a)

The correct option is ' 2) (a), (b) and (c)'.

Key Points

• Universalism is a philosophical and ethical concept that posits that some ideas have universal application or applicability.
• A key aspect of universalism is the belief in natural theory, which suggests that there are certain rights and values inherent to all humans regardless of culture or location.
• The theory of rationalism also supports universalism through the idea that reason or rational thought is a universal trait that can lead to universal truths.
• Positivism, with its emphasis on empirical evidence and scientific methods, contributes to universalism by suggesting that through objective inquiry, universal truths can be discovered.
• Contrary to theory of cultural relativism, which argues that moral codes and beliefs are determined by cultural contexts and thus vary from one society to another, universalism seeks commonalities and shared values across cultures.

Additional Information

• While universalism acknowledges the diversity of human experience, it also seeks to identify and advocate for principles, rights, and values that are universally applicable.
• This concept is often contrasted with cultural relativism, highlighting an ongoing debate in ethics, anthropology, and human rights discourse.

The correct answer is 'Option 1: (A), (B), (C), (D), (E)'

Key Points

• Introduction to Hague Convention, 1907:
  • The Hague Convention of 1907 was a significant international treaty aimed at codifying the laws of war and laying down rules for peaceful settlement of disputes, conduct during hostilities, and the rights of neutral powers.
  • It consisted of several provisions, each addressing specific aspects of international law, warfare, and neutrality.
  • The numerical arrangement of provisions reflects their logical progression and thematic grouping within the Convention.
• Correct numerical order based on the provisions:
  • (A) The Pacific Settlement of International Disputes: This provision appears first as it deals with the peaceful resolution of conflicts, establishing methods such as arbitration and mediation to prevent wars.
  • (B) The Limitation of Employment of Force for Recovery of Contract Debts: This comes next, focusing on restricting the use of military force for recovering contractual debts, emphasizing peaceful methods of dispute resolution.
  • (C) The Opening of Hostilities: This provision outlines the rules and procedures to be followed before commencing hostilities, ensuring transparency and accountability.
  • (D) The Laws and Customs of War on Land: This section codifies conduct during warfare, including treatment of prisoners, protection of civilians, and prohibition of unnecessary destruction.
  • (E) The Rights and Duties of Neutral Power and Persons in case of War on Land: This final provision addresses the responsibilities of neutral states and individuals during conflicts, ensuring their rights and duties are respected.

Additional Information

• Option 2: (A), (E), (D), (C), (B):
  • This arrangement incorrectly places the provision about neutral powers (E) before the codification of war laws (D) and the opening of hostilities (C), disrupting the logical progression of topics.
  • The Pacific Settlement of International Disputes (A) is correctly placed first, but the rest of the order does not align with the numerical arrangement of the Hague Convention.
• Option 3: (B), (D), (C), (E), (A):
  • This option starts with the Limitation of Employment of Force for Recovery of Contract Debts (B) instead of the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes (A), which is the first provision in the Convention.
  • The arrangement disrupts the logical flow, placing (A) last, even though it sets the foundation for peaceful dispute resolution.
• Option 4: (B), (C), (A), (D), (E):
  • This option places (B) and (C) before (A), which is incorrect as (A) is the foundational provision for peaceful settlement in the Hague Convention.
  • The order does not adhere to the numerical arrangement of the provisions in the original treaty, creating inconsistencies in thematic progression.

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points

Chronological Arrangement of the Legislations:

• The legislations mentioned are enacted to address various social issues and rights, and they were introduced in different years.

1. Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act (2005):

   • This Act was enacted in 2005 to protect women from domestic violence and to provide them with legal recourse and support.

2. Forest Rights Act (2006):

   • Also known as the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, this legislation was enacted in 2006 to recognize the rights of the forest-dwelling communities.

3. Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act (2007):

   • This Act was enacted in 2007 to ensure the maintenance and welfare of parents and senior citizens by their children or relatives.

4. Right of Persons with Disabilities Act (2016):

   • This Act was enacted in 2016 to ensure the rights and dignity of persons with disabilities and to provide them with equal opportunities and protection from discrimination.

Conclusion:

• The correct chronological order of the legislations is:
  • C. Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act (2005)
  • D. Forest Rights Act (2006)
  • A. Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act (2007)
  • B. Right of Persons with Disabilities Act (2016)

Therefore, the correct answer is Option 3: C, D, A, B.

The correct answer is Option 2.

Arranging the given legislations relating to Human Rights in India since 1955 in chronological order involves understanding the years in which these acts were enacted. These acts are pivotal in the protection and regulation of various human rights issues in India.

Key Points

• Protection of Civil Rights Act was enacted in 1955. It was one of the earliest legislations aimed at preventing discrimination against various castes and communities in India.
• Immoral Trafficking (Prevention) Act came into effect in 1956. It was designed to combat human trafficking and sexual exploitation for commercial purposes.
• The Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act was introduced later in 1976. This act was crucial in abolishing the bonded labour system, a form of forced labour that was prevalent in various parts of the country.
• Lastly, the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act was enacted in 1986. This legislation aimed at prohibiting the engagement of children in certain types of employments and regulating the conditions of work of children in certain other employments.

Additional Information

• These legislations reflect India's commitment to addressing and rectifying human rights issues within its jurisdiction over the years.
• Each of these acts represents a significant step towards the protection and enhancement of human rights, tackling issues from caste discrimination and trafficking to bonded labour and child labour.

The correct answer is Option 3.

Key Points 

To arrange the enactments in chronological order, we need to look at the years each of these acts was enacted:

Maternity Benefit Act: This act was initially enacted in 1961 in India. The act regulates employment of women in certain establishments for certain periods before and after childbirth and provides for maternity and other benefits.

Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act: Previously known as the Suppression of Immoral Traffic in Women and Girls Act (SITA), it was amended and renamed in 1986. However, the original enactment happened in 1956 in India. It is aimed at preventing the trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation.

Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act: This act was enacted in 1971 in India. It aims to reduce the occurrence of illegal abortion and consequent maternal mortality and morbidity.

Equal Remuneration Act: It was enacted in 1976 in India. This act provides for the payment of equal remuneration to men and women workers and for the prevention of discrimination, on the ground of sex, against women in the matter of employment and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.

Given this information, the chronological order of the enactments for providing social justice is as follows:

1. Maternity Benefit Act (1961)
2. Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act (1956)
3. Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act (1971)
4. Equal Remuneration Act (1976)

Therefore, the correct option is:

Option 3) (b), (d), (c), (a)

The correct answer is 'Declaration III of the Hague Convention of 1899'

Key Points

• Declaration III of the Hague Convention of 1899:
  • Declaration III explicitly prohibits the use of bullets that expand or flatten easily in the human body, commonly referred to as dum-dum bullets.
  • Dum-dum bullets were designed to cause greater damage by expanding upon impact, resulting in severe injuries and suffering.
  • The prohibition reflects the principles of international humanitarian law aimed at reducing unnecessary suffering during armed conflicts.
  • Such bullets were deemed contrary to the laws of war and the spirit of humanity, leading to their formal ban in Declaration III.

Additional Information

• Declaration I:
  • Declaration I of the Hague Convention of 1899 pertains to the prohibition of launching projectiles and explosives from balloons or other similar methods.
  • It does not address the use of expanding bullets and is unrelated to the issue of dum-dum bullets.
• Declaration II:
  • Declaration II deals with the prohibition of the use of projectiles containing poison gases.
  • While it addresses another aspect of limiting suffering in warfare, it is not relevant to the prohibition of expanding bullets.
• Declaration IV:
  • Declaration IV is not part of the Hague Convention of 1899 but rather pertains to later conventions or unrelated provisions.
  • This option does not address the issue of dum-dum bullets and is incorrect in this context.

The correct answer is 'Option 1: (A), (B), (C), (D), (E)'

Key Points

• Introduction to Hague Convention, 1907:
  • The Hague Convention of 1907 was a significant international treaty aimed at codifying the laws of war and laying down rules for peaceful settlement of disputes, conduct during hostilities, and the rights of neutral powers.
  • It consisted of several provisions, each addressing specific aspects of international law, warfare, and neutrality.
  • The numerical arrangement of provisions reflects their logical progression and thematic grouping within the Convention.
• Correct numerical order based on the provisions:
  • (A) The Pacific Settlement of International Disputes: This provision appears first as it deals with the peaceful resolution of conflicts, establishing methods such as arbitration and mediation to prevent wars.
  • (B) The Limitation of Employment of Force for Recovery of Contract Debts: This comes next, focusing on restricting the use of military force for recovering contractual debts, emphasizing peaceful methods of dispute resolution.
  • (C) The Opening of Hostilities: This provision outlines the rules and procedures to be followed before commencing hostilities, ensuring transparency and accountability.
  • (D) The Laws and Customs of War on Land: This section codifies conduct during warfare, including treatment of prisoners, protection of civilians, and prohibition of unnecessary destruction.
  • (E) The Rights and Duties of Neutral Power and Persons in case of War on Land: This final provision addresses the responsibilities of neutral states and individuals during conflicts, ensuring their rights and duties are respected.

Additional Information

• Option 2: (A), (E), (D), (C), (B):
  • This arrangement incorrectly places the provision about neutral powers (E) before the codification of war laws (D) and the opening of hostilities (C), disrupting the logical progression of topics.
  • The Pacific Settlement of International Disputes (A) is correctly placed first, but the rest of the order does not align with the numerical arrangement of the Hague Convention.
• Option 3: (B), (D), (C), (E), (A):
  • This option starts with the Limitation of Employment of Force for Recovery of Contract Debts (B) instead of the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes (A), which is the first provision in the Convention.
  • The arrangement disrupts the logical flow, placing (A) last, even though it sets the foundation for peaceful dispute resolution.
• Option 4: (B), (C), (A), (D), (E):
  • This option places (B) and (C) before (A), which is incorrect as (A) is the foundational provision for peaceful settlement in the Hague Convention.
  • The order does not adhere to the numerical arrangement of the provisions in the original treaty, creating inconsistencies in thematic progression.