Education and Research MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Education and Research - Download Free PDF
Last updated on May 29, 2025
Latest Education and Research MCQ Objective Questions
Education and Research Question 1:
When a group of 68 qualified experts discuss a topic in front of an audience, is said to be
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 1 : Panel discussion
Education and Research Question 1 Detailed Solution
Correct Answer: Panel discussion
Rationale:
- A panel discussion is a structured conversation on a specific topic among a selected group of experts in front of an audience. The panel typically consists of multiple experts who share their knowledge and viewpoints, providing a comprehensive exploration of the topic at hand.
- Panel discussions are often used in conferences, seminars, and public forums to present diverse perspectives on a subject. The panelists interact with each other and the audience, making the discussion dynamic and engaging.
Explanation of Other Options:
Group discussion
- Rationale: A group discussion involves multiple participants who come together to discuss a topic or solve a problem. Unlike a panel discussion, a group discussion is less formal and may not have an audience. It is often used in educational settings and recruitment processes to assess participants' communication skills and teamwork.
Seminar
- Rationale: A seminar is an educational event where a speaker or a group of speakers present information on a specific topic to an audience. Seminars are typically more formal and involve presentations or lectures, with limited interaction between the speakers and the audience.
Workshop
- Rationale: A workshop is a hands-on training session where participants actively engage in exercises and activities to develop specific skills or knowledge. Workshops are interactive and focus on practical learning, often involving small groups working on tasks or projects.
Conclusion:
- Among the given options, a panel discussion is the correct term for a structured conversation among a group of experts in front of an audience. It allows for a comprehensive exploration of the topic through diverse viewpoints and interactive discussions.
Education and Research Question 2:
Best method of teaching in a community set up about ORS would be
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 1 : Demonstration
Education and Research Question 2 Detailed Solution
Correct Answer: Demonstration
Rationale:
- Demonstration is a highly effective method for teaching about Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) in a community setup because it involves showing the audience the step-by-step process of preparing and administering ORS. This method allows the learners to visually observe and understand the procedure, which can enhance retention and comprehension.
- Through demonstration, learners can see the exact measurements and mixing techniques required for making ORS, which is crucial for ensuring its effectiveness and safety in treating dehydration, especially in children.
- The hands-on nature of a demonstration can engage the audience more actively, allowing them to ask questions and clarify doubts in real-time, leading to better learning outcomes.
Explanation of Other Options:
Role play
- Rationale: While role play can be an engaging and interactive method of teaching, it may not be the most effective for demonstrating the precise steps involved in preparing ORS. Role play is better suited for scenarios that involve interpersonal skills and behavioral practices.
Lecture
- Rationale: A lecture is a traditional method of teaching that involves verbal instruction from the teacher. Although it can provide detailed information, it may not be as effective as a demonstration for practical skills like preparing ORS, as it lacks the visual and hands-on components necessary for skill acquisition.
Discussion
- Rationale: Discussion is a useful method for exploring ideas and sharing knowledge among participants. However, it may not be the best approach for teaching a procedural task like ORS preparation, as it does not provide a clear, visual guide to the steps involved.
Conclusion:
- Demonstration stands out as the most effective method for teaching ORS preparation in a community setup due to its visual and interactive nature. It ensures that the audience can see and understand the process clearly, leading to better learning outcomes compared to other methods such as role play, lecture, or discussion.
Education and Research Question 3:
"Classical conditioning" is a learning process. Which of the following action is taking place in that process?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 3 : Reflexive response is associated with a new stimulus
Education and Research Question 3 Detailed Solution
Correct Answer: Reflexive response is associated with a new stimulus
Rationale:
- Classical conditioning is a fundamental learning process first described by Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist. It involves learning through association and is a form of associative learning.
- In classical conditioning, a previously neutral stimulus (NS) is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) that naturally and automatically triggers an unconditioned response (UCR). After repeated pairings, the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus (CS) that elicits a conditioned response (CR), similar to the unconditioned response.
- For example, Pavlov's famous experiment involved pairing the sound of a bell (neutral stimulus) with the presentation of food (unconditioned stimulus), which naturally caused dogs to salivate (unconditioned response). Eventually, the sound of the bell alone (conditioned stimulus) was able to cause the dogs to salivate (conditioned response).
Explanation of Other Options:
Some response is shaped by its consequences
- Rationale: This describes operant conditioning, not classical conditioning. Operant conditioning, as described by B.F. Skinner, involves learning through the consequences of behavior, where behaviors are strengthened or weakened by rewards or punishments.
People follow what they observe other people doing
- Rationale: This describes observational learning or social learning, which was extensively studied by Albert Bandura. In this type of learning, individuals observe and imitate the behavior of others.
Behavior is controlled using punishment
- Rationale: This also relates to operant conditioning, where behavior is modified by its consequences. Punishment is used to decrease the likelihood of a behavior occurring again.
Conclusion:
- Classical conditioning involves associating a reflexive response with a new stimulus. It is distinct from operant conditioning, which is based on consequences, and observational learning, which is based on imitation. Understanding these distinctions helps clarify how different learning processes operate.
Education and Research Question 4:
Which is NOT a written research review?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 2 : Paper presented in conference
Education and Research Question 4 Detailed Solution
Correct Answer: Paper presented in conference
Rationale:
- A research review is typically a comprehensive synthesis of existing research on a particular topic, summarizing and critically evaluating what is already known.
- Papers presented in conferences are usually preliminary findings or specific studies that have not undergone the same level of peer review and synthesis as written research reviews.
- Conference papers are often shorter and less comprehensive than research reviews, focusing on new findings rather than summarizing existing literature.
Explanation of Other Options:
Research report
- Rationale: A research report is a detailed document that presents the results of a study or investigation, including methodology, data analysis, and conclusions. It serves as a comprehensive record of the research conducted.
Articles published in journals
- Rationale: Journal articles often undergo rigorous peer review and provide a detailed account of research findings. They can include original research, reviews, and meta-analyses.
Thesis or dissertation
- Rationale: A thesis or dissertation is an extensive and original research project submitted as part of a degree program. It includes a comprehensive literature review and often serves as a significant contribution to academic knowledge.
Conclusion:
- Among the given options, a paper presented in a conference is not considered a written research review. While it shares new findings, it does not provide the extensive synthesis and critical evaluation of existing literature that characterize written research reviews.
Education and Research Question 5:
Which method describes the relationship between two measures?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 4 : Correlation
Education and Research Question 5 Detailed Solution
Correct Answer: Correlation
Rationale:
- Correlation is a statistical method used to determine the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two quantitative measures. It is commonly used in various fields such as economics, psychology, and social sciences to analyze data and draw conclusions about the relationship between variables.
- The correlation coefficient, which ranges from -1 to 1, quantifies the degree of linear relationship between two variables. A value closer to 1 implies a strong positive correlation, a value closer to -1 indicates a strong negative correlation, and a value around 0 suggests no linear correlation.
Explanation of Other Options:
Chi-square
- Rationale: The chi-square test is a statistical method used to determine if there is a significant association between two categorical variables. It is not used to measure the relationship between two quantitative measures.
Mean
- Rationale: The mean, or average, is a measure of central tendency that summarizes the central point of a data set. While it provides useful information about the data set, it does not describe the relationship between two measures.
Median
- Rationale: The median is another measure of central tendency that identifies the middle value in a data set when it is ordered from least to greatest. Like the mean, it does not describe the relationship between two measures.
Conclusion:
- Among the given options, correlation is the appropriate method to describe the relationship between two quantitative measures. It helps in understanding whether and how strongly pairs of variables are related, which is critical in data analysis and interpretation.
Top Education and Research MCQ Objective Questions
A type not research that is undertaken within a defined period of time on a group of people who share common characteristics is called a:
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 4 : cohort study
Education and Research Question 6 Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFConcept:
- A cohort study is an observational study.
- It is additional evidence to support the existence of an association of suspected cause and disease.
- A group of people who share common characteristics within a given period of time is a cohort group.
- Types of cohort studies:
- Prospective
- Retrospective
- A combination of prospective and retrospective study
Explanation:
- There are two types of observational study:
- Descriptive study
- Analytical study
- Analytical studies include:
- Ecological or correlational
- Cross-sectional or prevalence
- Case-control or case-reference
- Cohort or follow-up
A method in which several rounds of questions are given to a panel of experts is called:
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 2 : Delphi technique
Education and Research Question 7 Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFConcept:
- Delphi technique refers to the process of making decisions by surveying panellists. Several rounds of questionnaires are given to the panel of experts.
- Every panellist is allowed to adjust their answers according to the answers of the last round.
- Delphi's technique involves expert analysis and wisdom of the crowd.
Additional Information
| Meta-analysis | It is a statistical analysis of multiple studies addressing the same research goal. It is an epidemiological study design. |
| Q-sort methodology | It is also known as Q-sort. It involves investigating the perspectives of individuals representing different stances on an issue. |
| Content analysis | It is a tool for qualitative research for content analysis. It is widely used in social research. |
Qualitative and Quantitative Research are the classification of research on the basis of ______
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 3 : Techniques used
Education and Research Question 8 Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDF
Key Points
A research technique is a systematic plan for conducting research. Research techniques refer to the tools that one uses to do research. These can either be qualitative or quantitative or mixed.
Additional Information
|
Quantitative research |
Qualitative Research |
| Focuses on testing theories and hypotheses. | Focuses on exploring concepts and formulating a theory or hypothesis. |
| Analyzed through math and applied math analysis. | Analyzed by summarizing, categorizing, and decoding. |
| Mainly expressed in numbers, graphs, and tables. | Mainly expressed in words. |
| Requires several respondents. | Requires few respondents. |
| Closed (multiple choice) queries. | Open-ended queries. |
Hence, the correct answer is Techniques used.
Which is called as Non-probability sampling?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 4 : Quota sampling
Education and Research Question 9 Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFConcept:-
- Non-probability sampling is a method of selecting samples for the study when all the samples are not having equal chances to get selected for the study.
Types of Non-Probability sampling are:
- 1. Quota Sampling
- 2. Snowball Sampling
- 3. Judgemental Sampling
- 4. Dimensional Sampling
- 5. Convenience Sampling
Quota sampling:
- In this type of sampling, the researcher chooses the samples as per the study preferences and also segregates the groups to form the quota and start the survey.
- Selection is based on some basic parameters like age, sex, income, etc.
- Field workers are assigned quotas of the number of units satisfying the required characteristics for collecting data
Properties
- When parameters are large, the number of cells increases.
- It misleads if the relevant parameter is omitted.
- In this method, field workers tend to visit respondents who are more likely to be available and accessible.
Additional Information
- The probability Sampling method is also known as the random sampling method. In this method total population has an equal opportunity of being included in the sample. The random sampling method is used in a homogeneous population where the population possesses the same attributes that a researcher is interested in.
- Cluster sampling: it refers to a sampling method wherein the members of the population are selected at random, from naturally occurring groups called clusters.
- Systematic sampling: relies on arranging the target population according to some ordering scheme and then selecting elements at regular intervals through that ordered list.
- Stratified random sampling: it is one in which the population is divided into homogeneous segments, and then the sample is randomly taken from the segments.
Applying an unfair amount of pressure to subjects to complete the responses quickly is called:
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 3 : Procedural bias
Education and Research Question 10 Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFOne of the challenges, while doing research is to remain objective and free from biases. Most of your ideas and beliefs are probably linked with certain biases because they are influenced by your opinions or values. A variety of biases have been found to distort people’s impressions of collected data.
Key Points
- Procedural is a type of research bias. It happens when the participants are not given enough time to complete their responses.
- For example:- Employees are asked to fill out the feedback form during lunchtime, they will haphazardly without reading the questions properly. They are under unfair pressure that can affect the validity of their answers.
Thus, it is concluded that Applying an unfair amount of pressure to subjects to complete the responses quickly is called Procedural bias.
Additional Information
- Measurement bias is that bias or a random error that occurs in the collection of the data.
- Inclusion bias is popular in quantitative research and it happens when you select participants to represent your research population while ignoring groups that have alternative experiences.
- Selection bias: Any bias in selecting a group can undermine internal validity. Selection bias indicates the problem that occurs as a result of its existence at the pre-test differences between groups, may interact with the independent variable and thus influence the observed outcome and creates problems; examples would be gender, personality, mental capabilities, and physical abilities, motivation level and willingness to participate.
Sex Education may be introduced at primary stage through
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 3 : integration with physical education
Education and Research Question 11 Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFSex education is a part of health education which is essential for healthy living both mentally and physically.
Key Points
Sex education may be introduced at primary stage through integration with physical education because:
- children at this stage are too small to learn the concepts of sex education separately.
- it will help children to learn the basic concepts of physical and sexual changes in an integrated manner.
- physical education is also a part of health education which emphasizes to improve physical and mental fitness.
Hence, it could be concluded that sex education may be introduced at primary stage through integration with physical education.
What is a component of in-service education?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 2 : Staff development program
Education and Research Question 12 Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFConcept:-
- In service, education is the Planned learning experience rendered by the employing agency for its employees. As Nursing is a dynamic profession that is subject to rapid change in health care protocols, in-service education plays an important role in Quality Nursing Care.
Types of In-service Education:
- Workshops
- Demonstrations or Hand on Practice Sessions
- Lectures
Components of In services Education
- Staff Development Programs: It helps to meet the educational needs of the Nursing staff which helps in delivering Evidence-based care to the patients.
- Scope of In-Service Education in nursing practice is very significant and nurses are committed to long-life, learning practice and it needs to be continued throughout the professional life.
- If the nurses lack motivation in Learning the new concepts and practices they will continue the practicing of old trends which are to be changed as per the social needs and scientific advancements.
Additional Information
How we learn Auditory, Visual and Kinesthetic
- We remember 1% through taste, 10% of what we read, 1.5% of what we touch, 20% of what we hear, 3.5% of what we smell, 30% of what we see, and 80% of what we say, and what we react.
The process of selecting a subset of population for a survey is called as
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 1 : Sampling
Education and Research Question 13 Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFConcept:-
- Sampling: the process of selecting a small number of elements from a larger defined target group of elements
- The information gathered from the small group will allow judgments to be made about the larger groups
Types of sampling:
|
Simple random sampling |
Sample selected at random from a population in which every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected. |
|
Systematic random sampling |
Selecting every nth case from a population |
|
Stratified random sampling |
Randomly selecting participants for a sample from predetermined strata in a population. |
|
Cluster sampling |
Selecting a sample based on pre-organized groups |
|
Convenience sampling |
Selecting a sample from whatever subjects are available |
Additional Information
- Triangulation: Triangulation is an approach to research that uses a combination of more than one research strategy in a single investigation.
- Random Allocation: the participants in the study population are randomly allocated into two groups using random number tables, or computers to avoid selection and confounding biases.
Which among the following is a type of Non probability sampling?
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 3 : Purposive sampling
Education and Research Question 14 Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFConcept:
- Sampling is a process of selecting predetermined number of observations from a larger population
- Majorly we have 2 types probability and non probability sampling techniques
- Probability sampling technique includes
- Simple random sampling
- Cluster random sampling
- Systematic random sampling
- Stratified random sampling
- Non probability sampling technique includes
- Convenience sampling
- Judgmental or purposive sampling
- Snowball sampling
- Quota sampling
Additional Information
- In probability sampling all the members will have an equal opportunity to participate in research
- In non probability sampling researcher selects the samples randomly where all the participants may not get equal chance to participate in study
- Systematic sampling in this the researcher chooses the sample members of a population at regular intervals
- In stratified random sampling the researcher divides the population into small groups which represents the larger group
- Purposive sampling method researcher purely consider the purpose of the study along with the understanding of audience
The main characteristics of scientific research is _____
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 3 : Empirical Research
Education and Research Question 15 Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFConcept:-
Scientific research:
- it is a social institution and a way to produce knowledge.
- The main characteristic of scientific research is Empirical research.
- Its characteristics would be that it is based on observable and measurable evidence. It directly engages with the material world, rather than relying on the theoretical or conceptual aspects alone.
- Scientific research is a way of gathering data and harnessing curiosity. This research provides scientific information and theories for the explanation of nature and the properties of the world. It makes practical applications possible.
- It is a body of techniques for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge. To be termed scientific, a method of inquiry is commonly based on empirical or measurable evidence subject to specific principles of reasoning.
- It is to be understood as forming a sequence of discrete stages that moves the researcher from a position of ignorance to one of greater knowledge.
Explanation:
- Experimental research: it is a scientific investigation that sets out to determine the cause and effect of two or more variables.
- It includes a hypothesis, a variable that can be manipulated by the researcher, and variables that can be measured, calculated, and compared.