Servo Motor: Definition, Basics, Working Principle, Construction & Types

Last Updated on May 28, 2025
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Servo Motor Construction 

Servo Motor Working Principle

FAQ Related To Servo Motor

The common encoder types used in servo motors are absolute encoders, incremental encoders, and rotary encoders. Absolute encoders provide instant position feedback while incremental only indicates change in position. Rotary encoders, as the name suggests, are optimized for angular motion feedback.

The speed of a servo motor is controlled by regulating the amplitude and frequency of current/voltage supplied to its motor coils from the servo amplifier/driver. The amplifier takes commands from the controller and adjusts the motor output accordingly for varying motor speeds as required by the application.

Linear servo motors generate a linear force instead of a rotational torque. They are optimized for linear motion applications like robotic slides, 3D printing, pick and place machines, etc. The main difference is the movement produced is a straight line rather than rotary motion in the case of typical rotary servo motors.

Key factors to consider are load requirements, speed & positioning accuracy needed, feedback resolution, voltage rating, environmental conditions, mount type, etc. An undersized motor may stall while an oversized one will be inefficient. Detailed technical specifications help match the appropriate servo motor.

Servomotors can be classified as integrated or non-integrated types based on their construction. Integrated types have a motor, encoder and drive all integrated in a compact housing. Non-integrated types have these components separated, requiring assembly during implementation

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