Who excavated the Chira Tope stupa at Taxila?

The correct answer is John Marshall.

Key Points

• John Marshall was the Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) from 1902 to 1928.
• He is credited with initiating and overseeing the excavation of several significant historical sites, including the Chira Tope stupa at Taxila.
• The Chira Tope stupa, located in Taxila (modern-day Pakistan), is a Buddhist religious site linked to the Gandhara civilization.
• Marshall's work at Taxila was instrumental in uncovering its rich cultural heritage, including Buddhist stupas, monasteries, and ancient artifacts.
• His contributions to archaeology, particularly in South Asia, earned him recognition as one of the most important figures in the field.

Additional Information

• Taxila:
  • An ancient city and a center of learning in the Gandhara region, Taxila is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
  • It dates back to the 6th century BCE and was a hub of Buddhist culture and education.
  • Taxila played a significant role in the spread of Buddhism across Asia.
• John Marshall’s Contributions:
  • He was instrumental in excavating other key sites, such as Harappa and Mohenjo-daro, which led to the discovery of the Indus Valley Civilization.
  • He emphasized the importance of systematic and scientific excavation techniques in archaeology.
• Gandhara Art:
  • The Gandhara region, including Taxila, is famous for its unique art style that combines Indian and Greco-Roman influences.
  • The art often depicts Buddhist themes and is characterized by intricate sculptures of the Buddha and bodhisattvas.
• Archaeological Survey of India (ASI):
  • Established in 1861, ASI is responsible for the preservation and excavation of India's cultural and historical heritage.
  • Under John Marshall's leadership, ASI made groundbreaking discoveries, laying the foundation for modern archaeology in India.