Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

The correct answer is Option 2.

Key Points

• Option 2 is incorrect because potassium soaps are generally softer to the skin than sodium soaps, not the other way around.
• Sodium soaps are usually harder and are used in the production of bar soaps, while potassium soaps are softer and often used in liquid soaps or shaving creams.
• Transparent soaps (Option 1) are indeed made by dissolving soap in ethanol and then evaporating the excess solvent, a process that gives them their clarity.
• Synthetic detergents (Option 3) are classified into three main categories: anionic, cationic, and non-ionic detergents.
• Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (Option 4) is a popular cationic detergent used in hair conditioners due to its conditioning and antistatic properties.

Additional Information

• Sodium and Potassium Soaps:
  • Sodium soaps are typically solid and hard, making them suitable for bar soaps.
  • Potassium soaps are softer and are used in liquid soaps and specialty products like shaving creams.
• Synthetic Detergents:
  • Anionic detergents are the most common and include compounds like sodium lauryl sulfate.
  • Cationic detergents, such as cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, are often used as fabric softeners and hair conditioners.
  • Non-ionic detergents are used in laundry detergents and industrial applications due to their ability to work in hard water.
• Transparent Soaps:
  • These are produced by dissolving soap in ethanol or other solvents and removing the excess solvent.
  • The process results in a clear soap that is gentle on the skin.
• Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide:
  • It is a quaternary ammonium compound used as a cationic detergent.
  • It has conditioning and antistatic properties, making it a key ingredient in hair care products.