What are the factors affect the strength and direction of wind ?

1) Pressure gradients.

2) Coriolis effect.

3) Friction.

Select the correct answer using the codes given below : 

The correct answer is 1, 2 and 3

Key Points

• Pressure gradients: The difference in atmospheric pressure between two locations creates a pressure gradient force that drives the movement of wind. The greater the difference, the stronger the wind.
• Coriolis effect: Due to the Earth's rotation, moving air is deflected to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere, influencing the wind's direction.
• Friction: As wind moves across the Earth's surface, friction with terrain, buildings, and other obstacles slows it down and alters its direction, especially near the ground.
• These factors collectively determine both the strength and direction of winds observed in different regions.

Important Points

• The interaction of these factors with geographical features like mountains, valleys, and large water bodies adds further complexity to wind patterns.
• Global wind systems, such as trade winds, westerlies, and polar easterlies, are influenced by these factors along with the Earth's axial tilt and solar heating.

Additional Information

• Pressure gradients: The pressure gradient force is proportional to the rate of pressure change over a given distance. It acts perpendicular to isobars (lines of equal pressure) on weather maps.
• Coriolis effect: This effect arises because of the Earth's rotation. It increases with latitude and has no influence at the equator. It is vital for the formation of cyclones and anticyclones.
• Friction: The effect of friction is most significant near the Earth's surface and diminishes with altitude. It causes winds to converge in low-pressure systems and diverge in high-pressure systems.
• Other factors: Localized phenomena like sea breezes, land breezes, and monsoons are also influenced by these factors along with thermal differences.