The search for effective Malarial Vaccine is hampered due to the fact that:

The correct answer is Both ( 1 ) and (2).

Key Points

• Plasmodium is a protozoan.
• It is a digenic parasite and has two host human and mosquitoes.
• Its life cycle is complex and incomplete without its hosts.
• The search for effective Malarial Vaccine is hampered due to the fact that Plasmodium lives inside cells hidden from immune response.
• Plasmodium changes its surface proteins.
• Plasmodium has 5300 genes, grouped into 14 chromosomes and expresses a diversity of surface proteins.
• Vaccines against some proteins are built but due to such diversity of surface proteins, the search is hampered.
• It lives inside the blood cells and liver cells and therefore does not come in contact with immune cells.
• The stages of trophozoite and schizont live inside cells.
• Plasmodium infects the blood cells and causes the release of Haemozoin.
• It results in fever and chills.
• The plasmodium generates its copy inside the host and also causes infections inside the host.

Additional Information Below is the flow chart of the plasmodium life cycle