The sacred books of the Jainas are known as?

Ans: (1)

Key Points

Agamas – Sacred Scriptures of Jainism

1. What are Agamas?

• Agamas (or Agam Sutras) are the canonical texts of Jainism, containing the teachings of the Tirthankaras.

• Primarily preserved by the Svetambara sect, though Digambara sect has its own scriptural tradition.

• Compiled by Ganadharas, the chief disciples of Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara.

2. Contents of the Agamas:

• Philosophical Teachings – Concepts like karma, soul (jiva), and liberation (moksha).

• Cosmology – Detailed descriptions of the universe and time cycles.

• Ethical Conduct – Rules for monks, nuns, and lay followers.

• Religious Narratives – Stories of past lives, saints, and moral lessons.

• Scientific Concepts – Includes knowledge of mathematics, astronomy, and logic.

3. Types of Jain Literature:

• Canonical Works: Core texts (e.g., Twelve Angas) forming the religious foundation.

• Non-Canonical Works: Commentaries, narratives, and texts on rituals and philosophy.

4. Languages Used:

• Ardhamagadhi Prakrit – Primary language of early Jain scriptures.

• Others include Sanskrit, Apabhraṃśa, Tamil, and Kannada in later literature.

5. Key Jain Texts:

• Shatkhand-agam and Kasay-pahud – Important to the Digambara sect.

• Tattvārtha-sūtra – The only text accepted by both Svetambaras and Digambaras.

• Twelve Angas – Regarded as the oldest and most authoritative texts.

6. Oral Tradition and Memorization:

• Monks and nuns traditionally memorized the Agamas due to restrictions on writing or owning texts.

• This oral transmission helped preserve Jain teachings over centuries.