The principle of 'the child, the school and education itself are shaped largely by social and cultural forces' was enunciated by

Theodore Brameld the founder of Social Reconstructionism.

• Social Reconstructionism a method of education that has the purpose to teach through culture and change it.   
• It is based on the assumption that a student can gain first-hand experience in studying real social problems and controversial issues.
• The curriculum proposed in this reflects democratic ideals and emphasizes civic education. 
• This education helps students to think in critical terms and expose their assumptions and practices. 

​EXISTENTIALISM

• Existentialism is a form of philosophical inquiry that explores the nature of existence by emphasizing the experience of the human subject.
•  It is also the investigation of the meaning of Being.
• The existentialist is in opposition to any doctrine that views human beings as the manifestation of an infinite substance.

​PRAGMATISM

• Pragmatism is a philosophy that considers words and thought as tools and instruments for prediction, problem-solving, and action.
• It rejects the idea that the function of thought is to describe, represent, or mirror reality.

​P​ERENNIALISM 

•  A teacher-centered educational philosophy that focuses on everlasting ideas and universal truths.
• The focus of education should be the ideas that have lasted for centuries because it believes that the ideas are as relevant and meaningful today as they were when written.

Therefore, Reconstruction enunciated the principal of the child, the school, and education itself are shaped largely by social and cultural forces.