Identify the correct statement about detergents.

(I) Cationic detergents have germicidal properties and are expensive.

(II) Liquid dishwashing detergents are non-ionic type.

(III) Anionic detergents are also used in toothpastes.

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  1. I and III
  2. I and II
  3. II and III
  4. I, II and III 

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : I, II and III 
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Detailed Solution

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The correct answer is I, II and III.

Key Points

  • Cationic detergents have germicidal properties due to their positively charged active groups that disrupt microbial cell membranes; however, they are expensive.
  • Liquid dishwashing detergents are generally of the non-ionic type, which helps in reducing surface tension and improving cleaning efficiency without forming excess foam.
  • Anionic detergents, which contain negatively charged surfactants, are commonly used in cleaning products such as toothpastes for effective removal of dirt and debris.
  • Detergents are broadly classified into anionic, cationic, non-ionic, and zwitterionic types based on the nature of their surfactant groups.

Additional Information

  • Anionic detergents contain sulfate or sulfonate groups, making them effective in cleaning oily stains and widely used in household products such as laundry detergents and toothpastes.
  • Cationic detergents are quaternary ammonium compounds that are often used in disinfectants and fabric softeners due to their germicidal and antistatic properties.
  • Non-ionic detergents lack charged groups in their molecules, making them suitable for applications where low foaming and mild cleaning action are required, such as in dishwashing liquids.
  • Zwitterionic detergents contain both positive and negative charges in their molecular structure, making them highly versatile for applications requiring gentle cleaning, such as in skin-care products.
  • Detergents are amphiphilic compounds, meaning they possess both hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) properties, enabling them to emulsify oils and fats for effective cleaning.
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