Question
Download Solution PDFA stone is rolling on a perfectly horizontal, frictionless surface. Which of the following types of energy does it possess due to its motion?
(i) Kinetic energy
(ii) Potential energy
(iii) Chemical energy
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Detailed Solution
Download Solution PDFThe correct answer is Only (i).
Key Points
- A stone rolling on a frictionless, horizontal surface possesses energy due to its motion, which is defined as kinetic energy.
- Kinetic energy is given by the formula KE = 1/2 mv², where m is the mass of the object and v is its velocity.
- Since the surface is perfectly horizontal and frictionless, there is no work being done against friction or gravity, and hence no potential energy is involved in this motion.
- Chemical energy is a form of potential energy stored in chemical bonds, which is unrelated to the motion of the stone.
- Thus, the stone possesses only kinetic energy due to its motion.
Additional Information
- Kinetic Energy (KE):
- Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion.
- It depends on both the mass of the object and the square of its velocity, as per the formula KE = 1/2 mv².
- It is a scalar quantity and always has a positive value.
- Potential Energy (PE):
- Potential energy is the energy stored in an object due to its position in a force field, such as a gravitational or elastic field.
- For a body at height h, PE = mgh, where m is mass, g is gravitational acceleration, and h is height.
- Chemical Energy:
- Chemical energy is stored in the bonds of molecules and is released during chemical reactions.
- Examples include energy stored in fuels like coal, wood, or batteries.
- Frictionless Surface:
- A frictionless surface implies there is no resistive force opposing the motion of the object.
- As a result, the kinetic energy of the object remains constant unless acted upon by an external force.
- Horizontal Motion:
- On a horizontal surface, potential energy due to gravity remains constant as there is no change in height.
- This is why only kinetic energy is relevant for the motion described in the question.
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