Material Requirement Planning (MRP) MCQ Quiz in తెలుగు - Objective Question with Answer for Material Requirement Planning (MRP) - ముఫ్త్ [PDF] డౌన్‌లోడ్ కరెన్

Explanation:

Charts are generally represented by symbols because symbols produce a better picture and quick understanding of the facts. Process charts use the following five basic symbols to record different types of events.

Explanation:

Material handling:

It is the art and science of moving, packaging and storing of substances in any form in a protective and efficient manner.

Material Handling system includes:

• AS/RS: Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems (abbreviated as AS/RS) are large automated structures that involves racks, aisles and shelves that are accessible by a type of mechanized shuttle system (like a cherry picker) for the quick retrieval of items.
• Conveyor systems: Automated conveyor systems carry heavy materials to specified destinations using belts, flexible chain, or live rollers. It is a highly efficient equipment to move large volumes of material quickly.
• Robotic delivery systems: These automated systems are ideal for moving products on an assembly line or transporting goods throughout a plant or warehouse.
• Automatic guided vehicles: These vehicles are mobile robots that follow specific markers or wires in the floor to move large materials around a manufacturing facility or warehouse. Vision, magnets, or lasers can also be used as methods for AGV navigation.

Additional Information

Explanation:

Materials requirements planning is a simple system of calculating arithmetically the requirements of the input materials at different points of time based on actual production plan.

It can be seen from the figure that an MRP system has three major input components:

Master Production Schedule (MPS): MPS is designed to meet the market demand (both the firm orders and forecasted demand) in future in the taken planning horizon. MPS mainly depicts the detailed delivery schedule of the end products. However, orders for replacement components can also be included in it to make it more comprehensive.

Bill of Materials (BOM) File: BOM represents the product structure. It encompasses information about all subcomponents needed, their quantity, and their sequence of build-up in the end product. Information about the work centres performing build-up operations is also included in it.

Inventory Status File: Inventory status file keeps an up-to-date record of each item in the inventory. Information such as, item identification number, quantity on hand, safety stock level, quantity already allocated, and the procurement lead time of each item is recorded in this file.

Concept:

Layout planning in manufacturing and service organisations involves the physical arrangement of various resources available in the system to improve the performance of the operating system, thereby providing better customer services.

Layouts can be classified into the following four categories:

1. Process layout
2. Product layout
3. Group layout (Combination layout)
4. Fixed-position layout

Fixed-position layout:

In a fixed position layout, the service is performed around a customer that remains stationary while the work is being done.

For example, surgery is performed on a patient, where a patient remains stationary in operation theatre. Different doctors or specialist perform different activities in a sequence on a stationary patient.

Example: Manufacturers of aeroplanes, ships, locomotives, large turbines, heavy machinery, pressure vessels and others which involve heavy materials and sub-assemblies.

This type of layout is suitable:

• When one or a few pieces of an identical product are to be manufactured
• When the assembly consists of a large number of heavy parts, the cost of transportation of which is very high

Product Layout: In product layout, the workstations are located according to the processing sequence for the service.

Process Layout: In process layout, similar activities are grouped together according to the process or function they perform.

Concept:

Bill of Material:

• It is a product structure file, it gives the details of parts required for the assembly along with lead times,
• It is a multilevel tree diagram in the inverted position.

Calculation:

Given:

Now,

Number of 'E' required for 2 units of 'B' = 2 × 1 = 2

Number of 'E' required for 3 units of 'C' = 3 × 2 = 6

∴ Total 'E' required for 1 units of 'A' = 2 + 6 = 8

∴ Total units of 'E' required for 2 units of 'A' = 2 × 8 = 16 units

Explanation:

Materials requirements planning (MRP):

It is a simple system of calculating arithmetically the requirements of the input materials at different points of time based on the actual production plan.

It can be seen from the figure that an MRP system has three major input components:

Master Production Schedule (MPS):

• MPS is designed to meet the market demand (both the firm orders and forecasted demand) in the future in the taken planning horizon.
• MPS mainly depicts the detailed delivery schedule of the end products. However, orders for replacement components can also be included in it to make it more comprehensive.

Bill of Materials (BOM) File:

• BOM represents the product structure.
• It encompasses information about all subcomponents needed, their quantity, and their sequence of build-up in the end product.
• Information about the work centres performing build-up operations is also included in it.

Inventory Status File:

• The inventory status file keeps an up-to-date record of each item in the inventory. Information such as, item identification number, quantity on hand, safety stock level, quantity already allocated, and the procurement lead time of each item is recorded in this file.

Explanation:-

MRP I

• Materials Requirement Planning, It is a planning technic that converts the master production schedule of end products into a detailed schedule for raw materials and parts used in those end products.

Additional Information

MRP II 

• Manufacturing Resources Planning (MRP II) is defined as a method for the effective planning of all resources of a manufacturing company.
• MRP II Serves as an extension of MRP

Maximum retail price is the highest price labeled on the product which can be charged by the seller of that product.

ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning

Explanation:

CRANES AND HOISTS

Cranes and hoists are items of overhead equipment for moving loads intermittently within a limited area. Bridge cranes, jib cranes, monorail cranes, and hoists are examples of this basic equipment type.

Advantages of Cranes and Hoists

• Lifting as well as transferring of material is possible.
• Interference with the work on the floor is minimized.
• Valuable floor space is saved for work rather than being utilized for installation of handling equipment.
• Such equipment is capable of handling heavy loads.
• Such equipment can be used for loading and unloading material.

Disadvantages of Cranes and Hoists

• They require heavy investment (especially bridge cranes).
• They serve a limited area.
• Some cranes move only in a straight line and thus cannot make turns.
• Utilization may not be as high as desirable because cranes are used only for a short time during daily work.
• An operator has to be available for operating some types, such as bridge cranes.

Concept:

Material Requirement Planning (MRP) is a method of working out the production plan in a multistage production system that produces many products and require their raw materials and subassemblies. It is used to show that all the things needed should be available within the production system at an appropriate time and production can be carried out without any delay.

Master Production Schedule (MPS) is a complete timetable of our scheduled production in the future. It gives information about what product is to be produced, when it is to be produced and in how much quantity.

Materials requirement planning is driven by not only the master production schedule but also the bill of material, inventory record file, etc.

Here is a schematic diagram of the interdependencies of various parts of MRP.

Explanation:

Material Requirement Planning (MRP)

• It is a tool for this computation for the production planning, scheduling, and inventory control functions.
• MRP converts the Master Production Schedule (MPS) for end products into a detailed schedule for the raw material and components used in the end products.
• It deals with bringing in the right amount of raw material at the right time to support production and help manufacturing companies better manage their procurement of material to support manufacturing operations.

Benefits of Material Requirement Planning

1. It enables maintaining low levels of in-process inventories
2. It can track material requirements
3. It can evaluate capacity requirements
4. It is a means of allocating production time
5. It has the ability to easily determine inventory usage by backflushing, which refers to exploding an end item's BOM to determine the quantities of the components that were used to make the item.