Tissues and Tissue System MCQ Quiz in தமிழ் - Objective Question with Answer for Tissues and Tissue System - இலவச PDF ஐப் பதிவிறக்கவும்

Concept:

• A group of cells having similar structures and function is called tissue.
• Plant tissues are divided into two main types depending on whether the tissue can divide or not - Meristematic tissue and Permanent tissue.
• These tissue types are further divided into different types as follows:

Explanation:​

Option 1: Sclereids, Tracheid, Vessel member - CORRECT

• Sclereid is a type of sclerenchyma tissue. The cell wall of the sclereid is thick and lignified. This is due to secondary wall thickening.
• Tracheids are xylem elements. The cell wall of tracheids are thick and lignified.
• Vessel members are xylem elements that are broad and cylindrical with lignified walls and a wide cavity.
• Thus all the 3 cell types have thick and lignified cell walls.

Option 2: Collenchyma, Sclereid, Guard Cell - INCORRECT

• ​Collenchyma is a simple living tissue with thick cellulosic walls with thickenings at the corner of the cells.
• Sclereid is a type of sclerenchyma tissue. The cell wall of the sclereid is thick and lignified.
• Guard cells govern the stomatal movement. The cell walls of guard cells are made up of cellulose, xyloglucan and pectins.

Option 3: Endodermis, Sclerenchyma, Sieve Cells - INCORRECT

• ​The endodermis is the innermost layer of the cortex of a root.  The radial walls of the endodermis bear the Casparian strip that is made up of suberin.
• Sclerenchyma is a simple permanent dead tissue. The walls of sclerenchyma are made up of primary cellulosic walls along with secondary thickening made up of lignin. 
• Sieve cells are phloem elements. It comprises non-lignified cellulosic cell walls.

Option 4: Trichome, Tracheid, Vessel member - INCORRECT 

• Trichomes are unicellular or multicellular appendages seen in plants. These are the extensions of epidermal cells.
• Tracheids have thick and lignified cell walls.
• Vessel members like tracheids have thick and lignified cell walls.

So the correct answer is option 1.

Correct Answer: Option 1

Concept:

• A group of cells having similar structures and function is called tissue.
• A plant is made up of different types of tissues.
• Plant tissues are divided into two main types depending on whether the tissue can divide or not - Meristematic tissue and Permanent tissue.
• These tissue types are further divided into different types as follows:

Explanation:

• Option 1: Collenchyma - CORRECT
  • ​Collenchyma is a permanent tissue.
  • The cell wall of collenchyma tissue is thickened at the corners due to the deposition of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin.
• Option 2: Sclerenchyma - INCORRECT
  • ​Sclerenchyma is a permanent tissue.
  • The cell wall of sclerenchyma tissue is lignified having a few or numerous pits.
  • The cell wall of sclerenchyma tissue is made up of lignin and cellulose.
• Option 3: Xylem - INCORRECT
  • ​The xylem is a complex permanent tissue.
  • The cell wall of the xylem is made up of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose.
• Option 4: Meristem - INCORRECT
  • ​Meristem tissue is characterized by actively dividing cells. It is present at the tips of roots and shoots.
  • The cell wall of meristematic tissue is composed of cellulose, pectin, and non-cellulosic polysaccharides.

• So from the above-given information, the only tissue with a cell wall that is made up of both, hemicellulose and pectin is collenchyma.

So the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is option 1.

Concept: 

• The epidermis is the outermost layer of the primary plant body.
• It is made up of elongated, compactly arranged cells, which form a continuous layer.
• The epidermis is usually single-layered.
• Epidermal cells are parenchymatous with a small amount of cytoplasm lining the cell wall and a large vacuole. 

• In the case of roots, it is called epiblema instead of the epidermis.

​

​​​Explanation:

• The growing apices of root and shoot possess apical meristem. 
• The cells of the apical meristem are highly active and keep dividing. 
• So, in this region, cells do not differentiate into epidermal tissues, hence epidermis is absent in root and shoots tips.
• Therefore, the correct answer is option 1.

The correct answer is Option 4.

Concept: 

• Open vascular bundle: If the cambium is present in the vascular bundle; it is called open. It exhibits secondary growth.
• Closed vascular bundle: If the cambium is absent, the vascular bundle is called closed. It does not exhibit secondary growth.

​​​Explanation:

Option 1: 

• In monocot roots, the protoxylem elements face pericycle between xylem and phloem elements, parenchyma cells are present constituting conjunctive tissue.
• This tissue does not become meristematic.
• Vascular bundles are usually more than six in number.
• Hence, the vascular bundle is radial with an exarch xylem.
• Therefore, this is an incorrect option.

Option 2: 

• In monocot stem, vascular bundles are conjoint, collateral or concentric, endarch, and closed.
• Therefore, this is an incorrect option.

Option 3: 

• In the dicot root, the vascular bundle is radial, exarch.
• Therefore, this is an incorrect option.

• In dicot stems, vascular bundles contain both xylem, phloem, and a strip of vascular cambium (between phloem and xylem of each vascular bundle) called intrafascicular (or fascicular) cambium.
• It produces secondary tissues.
• Such vascular bundles are described as open because the original or primary phloem and xylem separate on the production of secondary tissues by the vascular cambium.
• Thus, conjoint and open vascular bundles will be observed in the dicot stem.
• Therefore, the correct answer is option 4.
• 

Concept: 

• Interfascicular cambium is a continuous ring formed by the meristematic activity of the cells of medullary rays present next to intrafascicular cambium.
• Cork cambium is a meristematic tissue, which divides and replaces the broken cells of epidermal and cortex layer due to the high activity of vascular cambium.

​​​Explanation:

Option 1:

• Cell division is defined as the process where
• After mitosis, plant cells divide in half by forming a new cell wall (cell plate) between daughter nuclei.
• Both interfascicular cambium and cork cambium are not formed by cell division.
• Therefore, this is the incorrect option.

​Option 2:

• Cell differentiation is the process through which cells from the same source generate cell groups with different morphological and functional features over time.
• Interfascicular cambium and cork cambium is not formed by cell differentiation.
• Therefore, this is the incorrect option.

​Option 3:

• Cell dedifferentiation is defined as a temporary process in which cells become less specialized and return to an earlier cell state.
• Under some circumstances, a differentiated cell can regain its ability to divide.
• Cell dedifferentiation results in the formation of interfascicular cambium and cork cambium.
• Therefore, this is the correct answer.

​​Option 4:

• A mature plant cell loses its ability to divide after being dedifferentiated.
• Both the interfascicular cambium and cork cambium are not formed due to the process of redifferentiation.
• Therefore, this is the incorrect option.

​The correct answer is option 3.

The correct answer is xerophytes.

Key Points

• Xerophytes are plants found in the desert area.
• They require the least amount of water. In deserts there is a scarcity of water thus the plants have to take their water from the underground water level.
• Their stomata are of sunken type (deep-seated) like cup – shape depression as it helps them to prevent the loss of water through transpiration.
• Examples of xerophytes are – Aloe vera, Pineapple, Cactus, etc.

• The stomata are minute pores that occur in the epidermis of the plants.
• Each stoma remains surrounded by two kidneys or bean-shaped epidermal cells the guard cells.
•  The stomata may occur on any part of a plant except the roots.
• The epidermal cells bordering the guard cells are called accessory cells or subsidiary cells.
• The number and types of stomata vary in different plant species based on their Habitat.

Additional Information

• Hydrophytes are plants that are either partially or fully submerged into water.
• Partially submerged hydrophytes like Lilly have stomata present on their upper leaf surface (lower pat is submerged in water).
• Fully submerged hydrophytes like water ferns do not have stomata, instead of stomata, the plant's surface cells are capable of absorbing water, nutrients, and dissolved gases in the water.
• Mesophytes have generally stomata present on the lower surface of the epidermis
• Examples are corn(maize), clover, cucurbit, etc
• Parasite: The organism that lives on or inside other living organisms, to derive their food are called parasites. Amarbel (Cuscuta) is a ''parasite''.

The correct answer is xerophytes.

Key Points

• Xerophytes are plants found in the desert area.
• They require the least amount of water. In deserts there is a scarcity of water thus the plants have to take their water from the underground water level.
• Their stomata are of sunken type (deep-seated) like cup – shape depression as it helps them to prevent the loss of water through transpiration.
• Examples of xerophytes are – Aloe vera, Pineapple, Cactus, etc.

• The stomata are minute pores that occur in the epidermis of the plants.
• Each stoma remains surrounded by two kidneys or bean-shaped epidermal cells the guard cells.
•  The stomata may occur on any part of a plant except the roots.
• The epidermal cells bordering the guard cells are called accessory cells or subsidiary cells.
• The number and types of stomata vary in different plant species based on their Habitat.

Additional Information

• Hydrophytes are plants that are either partially or fully submerged into water.
• Partially submerged hydrophytes like Lilly have stomata present on their upper leaf surface (lower pat is submerged in water).
• Fully submerged hydrophytes like water ferns do not have stomata, instead of stomata, the plant's surface cells are capable of absorbing water, nutrients, and dissolved gases in the water.
• Mesophytes have generally stomata present on the lower surface of the epidermis
• Examples are corn(maize), clover, cucurbit, etc
• Parasite: The organism that lives on or inside other living organisms, to derive their food are called parasites. Amarbel (Cuscuta) is a ''parasite''.

Key Points

• Tunica corpus theory is concerned with shoot apex.
• The theory explains the plane of cell division in the shoot apex.
• According to this theory, the apical meristem in the shoot apex is divided into two tissue zones - Tunica and Corpus.

1. Tunica:
   • It refers to one or more peripheral layers of the cell of the shoot apex.
   • The cells of this layer divide in a plane perpendicular to the surface of the meristem.
2. Corpus:
   • It refers to the body of cells.
   • It comprises several layers.
   • The cells in the corpus region divide in various planes.

• ​​A. Schmidt proposed the Tunica Corpus Theory in 1924.
• He postulated this theory based on his studies on the shoot apices of angiosperms.​

Additional Information

Julius von Sachs - 

• ​Julius von Sachs is known as one of the founders of plant physiology.
• He has carried out experimental studies on transpiration, tropism and nutrition in plants.
• His works particularly influenced embryologist Jacques Loeb.

Hofmeister - 

• ​Wilhelm Hofmeister has carried out several studies on plant structure.
• He is regarded as a pioneer in the study of comparative plant morphology.

Gottlieb Haberlandt - 

• ​Gottlieb Haberlandt  is the first person to study plant tissue culture.
• He is also regarded as a pioneer in the development of physiological plant anatomy.

Hence, the correct answer is option 1 (Schmidt).

Correct Answer: Option 3

Concept:

• Cell division is defined as the process by which the mother cell divides into two daughter cells.
• There are two types of cell divisions: Mitosis and Meiosis.
• Mitosis: Chromosomes are duplicated and distributed equally among the daughter cells.
• Meiosis: Chromosome numbers are halved from diploid (2n) to haploid (n) numbers resulting in four haploid daughter cells.
• In the case of plants, the direction in which the cell division occurs also plays an important role.
• It directly impacts the girth of the plant.
• There are two main types of cell division based on the direction in which it occurs in a plant cell - Anticlinal cell division and Periclinal cell division.

Explanation:

• Some major characteristics of anticlinal and periclinal division are as follows:

• ANTICLINAL DIVISION	PERICLINAL DIVISION
  The plane of division is at a right angle to the plant body.	The plane of division is parallel to the plant body.
  It helps increase the thickness of the plant.	It helps increase the length of the plant.
  It is mostly seen in plants.	It is seen mostly in plants and some animals but only during embryonic stages.
  It is seen in meristematic tissue.	It is seen in meristematic tissue.

   

• Option 1: Fusiform initial cells - INCORRECT
  • Fusiform initial cells are the cells that give rise to the secondary xylem and secondary phloem.
  • They carry out anticlinal cell division to propagate cambium cells.
  • It also shows the periclinal type of cell division.
  • Periclinal cell division by these cells gives rise to secondary xylem and phloem.
• Option 2: Root cap - INCORRECT
  • The root cap is present at the tip of the roots.
  • It protects the root apical meristem.
  • Anticlinal cell division does not take part in the root cap.
• Option 3: Protoderm - CORRECT
  • Protoderm is a thin layer of meristematic tissue.
  • It gives rise to the epidermis.
  • The cells in the protoderm always divide by anticlinal division.
• Option 4: Phellogen - INCORRECT
  • Phellogen is one of the zones of the periderm.
  • It is a rapid cell-dividing region.
  • The cells of phellogen divide periclinally to give rise to the phellem and phelloderm cells.

So from the above-given information, the correct answer is option 3. 

Correct Answer: Option 1

Concept:

• Morphologically a plant shows two main structures - Vegetative structures and Reproductive structures.
• Stem, leaves, and roots form the part of vegetative structures of a plant.
• Flowers, fruits, and seeds are reproductive structures.
• Each of these structures is made up of tissues.
• Tissues are a group of cells having similar structures and functions.
• A plant is made up of different types of tissues.
• Plant tissues are divided into two main types depending on whether the tissue can divide or not - Meristematic tissue and Permanent tissue.

Explanation:

• POTATO TUBER:
  • ​Potato tuber is an example of modification of stem.
  • In stem tubers like that in potato tuber, underground branches of the stem get swollen at the tip due to food storage.
  • The food is mainly composed of starch.
  • There are distinct nodes but no internodes in a potato tuber.
  • At the nodes, axillary buds are present that are called 'Eyes'.
  • The skin of a potato tuber is made up of a layer of tissue called periderm.
  • The periderm is a secondary tissue. It replaces the epidermis when the epidermis gets damaged.
  • Periderm resembles the bark of a tree. 
  • Periderm has a tough coating and it protects the plant from loss of moisture and invasion of insects or pests.
  • The periderm is not tightly bound to the underlying tuber.
  • As a result of this, periderm or the skin of the tuber can be easily peeled off the potato tuber.
  • 

So from the above-given information, the correct answer is option 1.

Additional information:

• A periderm consists of three zones - Phellogen, Phellem, and Phelloderm.
• Phellogen is an area of rapid cell division.
• Next to phellogen is the phellem zone which consists of cells produced by phellogen. It consists of flattened brick-shaped cells.
• The next zone is the phelloderm which provides energy for the growth of the tuber.