Organizing Teaching MCQ Quiz in मराठी - Objective Question with Answer for Organizing Teaching - मोफत PDF डाउनलोड करा

The activities of teaching and learning may be organized at various levels of abstraction; ranging from the use and application of simple mental powers to the most complex ones. Such organizations are distinguished and labeled as 'forms and levels' of teaching. There are three identifiable levels of teaching and learning activities: Memory level, understanding level, and Reflective level. Morris L. Biggie (1976) has added one more level under the rubric 'autonomous development'. 

The four levels of teaching and learning may be shown on a continuum in the following way: 

The correct answer is 'Teaching-Time'

Key Points

• Teaching-Time:
  • Teaching-Time refers to the duration spent teaching a particular topic. It is not directly considered when preparing the blueprint for a test.
  • The blueprint focuses on the structure and content of the test, rather than the time allocated for teaching.
• Topic:
  • The topics covered in the curriculum are crucial for test preparation as they determine the content areas that will be assessed.
  • Ensuring all relevant topics are included helps maintain the test's comprehensiveness and relevance.
• Instructional Objectives:
  • Instructional objectives outline what students are expected to learn and achieve by the end of the course or lesson.
  • These objectives guide the creation of test items to ensure alignment with learning goals.
• Form of Questions:
  • The form of questions refers to the types of questions used in the test, such as multiple-choice, short answer, or essay.
  • Deciding the form of questions is important for assessing different levels of understanding and skills.

Additional Information

• Importance of Test Blueprint:
  • A test blueprint is a detailed plan that outlines the content and structure of an assessment.
  • It ensures that the test is balanced, fair, and aligned with instructional goals and standards.
  • Blueprints help in maintaining consistency and validity in the assessment process.
• Considerations in Test Blueprint Design:
  • Weightage of topics based on their importance and instructional time.
  • Distribution of question types to assess various cognitive levels, from knowledge recall to higher-order thinking.
  • Alignment with learning outcomes and standards to ensure the test measures what it is intended to measure.

Key Points

• This theory of meaningful verbal learning deals with three concerns:-
  • How knowledge (curriculum content) is organized
  • How the mind works to process new information (learning).
  • How a teachers can apply these ideas about curriculum and learning when they present new material to students (instruction).
• This model is designed to strengthen students’ cognitive structure.
• The Advance Organizer Model has three phases of activity. Phase one is the presentation of the advance organizer; Phase two is the presentation of the learning task or learning material; and Phase three is the strengthening of cognitive organization.
• Phase three tests the relationship of the learning material to existing ideas to bring about an active learning process.

Hence, we can conclude that C, A, B, D is the correct order of sequence.

The correct answer is 'Reflective Level'

Key Points

• Reflective Level:
  • The reflective level of teaching focuses on developing students' abilities to solve problems, and cultivate critical and creative reasoning.
  • This level encourages students to engage in deep thinking and reflection on the subject matter, leading to a more profound understanding.
  • Students are encouraged to analyze, evaluate, and synthesize information, which helps them to become independent thinkers and problem solvers.

Additional Information

• Memory Level:
  • The memory level of teaching emphasizes rote memorization and recall of facts and information.It is the most basic level of teaching where the focus is on retaining and reproducing learned material.
  • This level does not encourage deep understanding or critical thinking.
• Understanding Level:
  • The understanding level of teaching goes beyond memorization and focuses on comprehension of the material.
  • Students are expected to grasp the meaning, interpret information, and understand concepts and principles.
  • While it involves higher-order thinking than the memory level, it does not reach the depth of critical and creative reasoning found in the reflective level.
• None of the above:
  • This option is incorrect as the focus on problem-solving, and critical and creative reasoning is specifically addressed at the reflective level of teaching.

Psychology's major contribution to education lies in providing a scientific foundation for the art of teaching.

Key Points

• Providing a scientific foundation for the art of teaching:
  • Psychology offers insights into how students learn and what motivates them, enabling teachers to design effective teaching methods.
  • It helps in understanding cognitive, emotional, and social processes that affect learning.
  • This scientific approach allows for the development of evidence-based teaching strategies that can improve educational outcomes.

Additional Information

• Defining the goals for which teachers should strive:
  • While important, this task is typically the role of educational policymakers and curriculum developers, not psychology itself.
  • Psychology can inform goal-setting by providing data on what is achievable and beneficial for student development.
• Identifying potentially successful methods and procedures for teaching:
  • This is more about applying psychological principles rather than the core contribution of psychology to education.
  • Psychology aids in this process but the primary contribution is the foundational understanding it provides.
• Comparing the relative effectiveness of various teaching procedures:
  • This involves educational research and assessment, areas that utilize psychological principles but are broader in scope.
  • Psychology contributes to the methods used for comparison but is not solely responsible for this task.

The correct answer is - Getting complete mastery over the content or subject matter

Key Points

• Focus of Morrison Teaching Model
  • The Morrison teaching model is centered around complete mastery of the subject matter or content.
  • It emphasizes the thorough understanding and application of concepts rather than superficial learning.
  • Students are encouraged to develop a deep, comprehensive grasp of the material, which is essential for effective teaching-learning processes.
  • This model is structured to ensure learners gain proficiency in the subject through well-designed learning activities.
• Why Option 4 is Correct
  • Unlike options focusing on cramming or recalling facts, Morrison's model prioritizes mastery learning, ensuring students can apply knowledge effectively.
  • It aligns with the goal of achieving complete understanding of the subject matter, making it distinct from other teaching approaches.

Additional Information

• Morrison Teaching Model
  • Developed by Henry C. Morrison, this teaching model is based on systematic instructional planning.
  • It includes the following steps:
    • Pre-test: Assessing students' prior knowledge and readiness.
    • Teaching: Delivering structured content to ensure understanding.
    • Practice: Providing opportunities for learners to apply knowledge and skills.
    • Feedback: Offering constructive evaluations to improve learning outcomes.
    • Post-test: Evaluating mastery of the subject matter.
  • Emphasis is placed on active learning and student participation to achieve mastery.
• Comparison with Other Teaching Models
  • Unlike methods that focus on cramming or rote memorization, the Morrison model fosters critical thinking and conceptual understanding.
  • It contrasts with discovery learning models, which emphasize exploration, by providing structured guidance for mastery.

A blueprint, in the context of education, is a structured plan outlining the content, objectives, format, and distribution of questions or tasks for a test or assessment.

Key PointsItems taken into consideration while preparing the blue print for a test:

• Topic: It defines the test's subject matter, ensuring it aligns with the specific area of knowledge being assessed.
• Instructional Objectives: These state what students should learn from instruction, guiding the test's design to match intended outcomes.
• Form of Questions: It refers to question types (e.g., multiple-choice, essay), critical for assessing the desired knowledge and skills. The test blueprint outlines question formats aligned with content and objectives.

Hence, teaching time is the correct answer.

Hint

• Teaching time may vary based on instructional methods, pacing, and other factors but is not a direct criterion for designing the test itself.

The correct answer is - Problem-centered

Key Points

• Reflective level of teaching
  • It is the highest level in the hierarchy of teaching levels (Memory, Understanding, and Reflective).
  • This level focuses on critical thinking and encourages learners to solve problems independently.
  • Teaching at this level demands students to apply their knowledge to new and unfamiliar situations.
• Problem-centered methods
  • In the reflective level of teaching, the teacher employs problem-centered methods, where students are encouraged to:
    • Analyze a given problem critically.
    • Explore and evaluate possible solutions.
    • Develop their own understanding and arrive at a conclusion.
  • This approach ensures that students go beyond rote learning and engage in analytical thinking.
• Teacher's role
  • The teacher acts as a facilitator rather than a direct instructor.
  • They create an environment that promotes inquiry-based learning and guide students in their problem-solving process.

Additional Information

• Levels of teaching
  • Memory Level
    • This is the lowest level of teaching.
    • Focuses on rote memorization and recall of facts.
    • Teacher-centered approach with minimal involvement of critical thinking.
  • Understanding Level
    • This level emphasizes understanding of concepts and principles.
    • Students learn to apply knowledge in familiar contexts.
    • Teacher plays an active role in explaining and clarifying concepts.
  • Reflective Level
    • Encourages students to think critically and solve problems.
    • Student-centered approach with emphasis on independent learning.
    • Higher cognitive skills such as analysis, synthesis, and evaluation are developed.
• Examples of Problem-centered methods
  • Case Study: Students analyze a real-world situation and propose solutions.
  • Project-based Learning: Students work on projects that require research and critical thinking.
  • Inquiry-based Learning: Students explore questions and conduct investigations to find answers.

Key Points

Memory Level of Teaching:

• Memory level of teaching is the most basic level of teaching where the teacher focuses on providing knowledge, and the learners focus on memorizing the pre-learnt information and recalling it in the desired situation.
• The main objective of this level is to facilitate rote memorization of facts and concepts.  It doesn't emphasize critical thinking and analysis.
• John F. Herbart is the exponent of the memory level of teaching.
• Herbart has divided the level into five steps, known as Herbart's Five Formula Steps. These steps are Preparation, Statement of Aim, Presentation, Comparison, Generalizations, and Application.
• The main social system members at this level are the pupil and teacher.

It can be concluded that the Memory level of teaching neither emphasizes critical thinking and analysis nor is it the most thoughtful level. It does involve memorizing pre-learnt things, and John F Herbart is the exponent of this level.

Key Points

Understanding Level of Teaching:

• The understanding level of teaching involves presenting the instructions in more detailedly and helping the students form generalizations and principles.
• The teacher provides more opportunities for the students to develop their intellectual and reasoning abilities.
• H.C. Morrison is the exponent of this level.
• This level aims to help learners master the content taught so that a desired change can be seen in their personality.
• This level is divided into five steps - Exploration, Presentation, Assimilation, Organization, and Recitation.
• Both objective and subjective items are used in the test at this level, and the teacher and learner have an active role in the social system.