People MCQ Quiz in मल्याळम - Objective Question with Answer for People - സൗജന്യ PDF ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക

Impact of humans on the Environment:

• Groundwater systems have considerably depleted due to human activities, including groundwater abstraction, reservoir construction, the indiscriminate exploitation of groundwater, changes in land use and intervention in natural flow patterns.
• Mangroves have been subjected to unsustainable human activities such as deforestation led by increasing demand for land which has resulted in continued reduction in their numbers.
• Wetlands have been deteriorating due to the effects of human activities such as alteration of the physical, chemical and biological components of wetland ecosystems, dam construction, discharge of industrial wastes and municipal sewage. These activities contribute to changes in the flood regime of wetlands and the input and cycling of nutrients.
• Several species are at a greater risk of going extinct than before because of the destruction of their habitats by humans, hunting, changes in land use and land cover, species introduction or removals, etc.

The correct answer is Eutrophication.
Important Points

The process by which a water body becomes overly enriched with minerals and nutrients, leading to excessive growth of algae and other aquatic plants, is known as Eutrophication.

• This excess nutrient enrichment can promote bloom conditions for algae and can cause an imbalance in the aquatic ecosystem.
• As algae die and decompose, high amounts of organic matter can deplete the water of available oxygen, creating conditions that are harmful to other aquatic organisms such as fish.

So, the correct answer from the given options is:

Eutrophication
Additional InformationOligotrophication:

• This term refers to a water body that is nutrient-poor. Oligotrophic bodies of water, such as certain lakes or parts of the ocean, have low concentrations of primary nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorous.
• They typically exhibit low algal production and clear waters, as there are fewer nutrients to support large populations of algae and other microscopic marine life.

Eutrophication:

• As mentioned earlier, this is a process where a body of water becomes overly enriched with nutrients like phosphorous and nitrogen, leading to excessive growth of algae and other aquatic plants.
• When these plants die and decompose, it can deplete the water of oxygen and lead to the death of other aquatic organisms.

Mesotrophication:

• This term refers to a medium level of productivity, between the extremes of eutrophication and oligotrophication.
• Mesotrophic bodies of water contain a moderate amount of nutrients and are typically characterized by moderately clear water with some algal bloom during the warmer months.

Dystrophication:

• While not a standard term in limnology (the study of inland waters), dystrophication is occasionally used to refer to the process of eutrophication .
• Resulting in a dystrophic state, characterized by high organic matter and silt content, high acidity, and water that is typically brown in color due to high tannin content. It's often associated with peatland lakes and ponds.

In these categories, the shift from oligotrophic to eutrophic conditions in a water body is generally seen as a negative change, often resulting from human activities like agriculture and waste disposal that increase the input of nutrients

The correct answer is A, C, D and E only
Important PointsA. Asthma:

• Atmospheric particulate matter, especially fine particles, can irritate the airways and trigger asthma attacks in individuals with the condition.
• These particles can cause inflammation and worsen respiratory symptoms.

C. Dry Eye Syndrome:

• Studies have shown that exposure to atmospheric particulate matter, such as airborne pollutants and dust particles, can contribute to the development or exacerbation of dry eye syndrome.
• These particles can cause irritation, inflammation, and discomfort in the eyes.

D. Bronchitis:

• Atmospheric particulate matter, particularly fine particles, can be inhaled deep into the lungs and irritate the bronchial tubes, leading to bronchitis.
• Prolonged exposure to high levels of particulate matter can increase the risk of developing bronchitis.

E. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD):

• Atmospheric particulate matter, especially fine particles and pollutants, can aggravate and worsen symptoms in individuals with pre-existing COPD.
• The inhalation of these particles can lead to increased inflammation, reduced lung function, and respiratory difficulties.

It's important to note that atmospheric particulate matter can have a range of other health impacts, including cardiovascular problems, respiratory infections, and even certain types of cancers. However, based on the given options, the diseases directly caused by atmospheric particulate matters are Asthma, Dry Eye Syndrome, Bronchitis, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD).

A toxic substance is a substance that can be poisonous or cause health effects.

Key PointsStatement I: Toxic chemicals often injure organs as well as organ systems.

• Toxic chemicals can affect any system in the body, including the respiratory (nose, air passages, and lungs), digestive (mouth, throat, stomach, etc.), circulatory (heart, blood), nervous (brain, nerve cells), and reproductive (sperm, egg, etc.).
• Some chemicals, like acids, are nonspecific and cause damage on direct contact. Other chemicals, like gasoline, can be absorbed into the blood and carried throughout the body. Some chemicals affect only certain target systems or target organs.
• Every organ system has different functions and physical characteristics. So the effect of chemicals on each system has to be evaluated slightly differently.

Hence Statement I is correct.

Statement II: Hepatotoxins are chemicals that can damage kidneys.

• A hepatotoxin is a toxic chemical substance that can cause damage to or otherwise injure the liver.
• Hepatotoxins work by blocking the secretion of triglycerides, or fat, into the blood plasma. This process reduces the concentration of plasma lipids and lipoproteins. This fat accumulation is a key factor in liver injury.
• Studies have shown that organic solvents may be associated with hepatotoxicity. Organic solvents are used in various industrial processes such as spraypainting, manufacturing of paints, processing of metals, and aeronautical and auto manufacturing maintenance.
• Organic solvents are also prevalent in various chemical storage facilities. Workers can be exposed to hepatotoxins via intentional or accidental ingestion in food or absorption of toxic contaminants through the skin.

Hence statement II is incorrect.

Therefore, based on the above explanations, Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect.

Additional Information

• Nephrotoxins are toxic chemicals that can damage kidneys.
• Some studies have shown that toxins like benzene can be hepatotoxin as well as nephrotoxins.

The main way smoking hurts non-smokers is through secondhand smoke. Secondhand smoke is the combination of smoke that comes from a cigarette and smoke breathed out by a smoker. When a non-smoker is around someone smoking, they breathe in secondhand smoke.

1. Over time, secondhand smoke has been associated with serious health problems in non-smokers: Lung cancer in people who have never smoked. More likely that someone will get heart disease‚ to have a heart attack‚ and die early. Breathing problems like coughing‚ extra phlegm‚ wheezing‚ and shortness of breath.
2. Secondhand smoke damages the body in many different ways.
3. Adults exposed to secondhand smoke may experience:
   • Cardiovascular (heart, veins, and arteries) disease like high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, heart attack, or stroke.
   • Lung problems like chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) and asthma.
   • Increased risks of lung cancer and cancers in the brain, bladder, stomach, breast, and more.
   • Children exposed to secondhand smoke are more likely to experience:
   • Frequent coughing, sneezing, shortness of breath, or other breathing problems.
   • Frequent ear infections.
   • Frequent and more severe asthma attacks.
   • Respiratory infections, such as bronchitis or pneumonia.

Though in some cases, smoking causes irritation in eyes, suffocation, or headache, but primarily the reason for which cigarettes are banned in India is that it causes serious health problems in both smokers and non-smokers which may include lung cancer, asthma, cardiovascular or breathing problems.

So, from the above explanation, Cigarettes are banned in public places in India because it harms the lungs of non-smokers, option (d) follows.

Education is a lifelong process that modifies the behavior and personality of individuals thus developing them as a whole by providing nourishing and burden-free environments. Education enables a person to make his life significant to all concerned.

• The quality of schooling depends to a great extent on the management of teaching-learning resources. The head of the school has the responsibility of ensuring the effective delivery of the curriculum using all available resources - human, material, and financial - optimally.

Key Points

The School Education system has a variety of resources which include:

• Financial resources: Finance plays a key role in providing resources and maintaining them. School fees and various grants from the Government and the management share appear to be the main financial sources.
• Human resources: Human resources include the teachers, the supporting staff, and pupils with appropriate time available for instructional purposes. Human resources constitute a very important dimension of the schooling enterprise.
• Material resources: The material resources necessary for organizingthe  teaching-learning process may include textbooks, workbooks, audio-video materials, teaching aids, computers, science kits, libraries, and laboratories, etc.

Hence, it could be concluded that water resources are not the type of education resource.

The correct answer is '(A), (C) and (D) Only'

Key Points

• Routes for exposure to pollutants in humans:
  • Inhalation: Breathing in polluted air is a common route of exposure. Pollutants such as particulate matter, gases, and vapors can enter the respiratory system and cause health issues.
  • Ingestion: Consuming contaminated food and water is another major route of exposure. Pollutants can enter the body through the digestive system, leading to potential harm.
  • Dermal: Skin contact with pollutants can lead to absorption through the skin. This route is significant for certain chemicals and substances that can penetrate the skin barrier.

Additional Information

• Consumption:
  • While consumption can refer to eating or drinking, it is generally covered under ingestion. Therefore, it is not listed separately in the correct answer.
• Digestion:
  • Digestion is the process by which food is broken down in the body. It is not a route of exposure but a biological process that happens after ingestion.

The correct answer is Infra-red.
Important Points

Greenhouse gases absorb and emit radiation within the thermal infrared range.

• This process is the fundamental cause of the greenhouse effect, which leads to global warming and climate change.
• The primary greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone.
• These gases allow the shorter-wavelength radiation from the sun, including visible light, to pass through the atmosphere and warm the Earth's surface.
• The Earth's surface then emits this energy as longer-wavelength infrared radiation.
• The greenhouse gases absorb this infrared radiation, trapping heat in the atmosphere and keeping the Earth's surface warmer than it would be otherwise.

In contrast, X-ray and ultraviolet are not the main wavelengths at which these gases absorb radiation. Visible light is largely transmitted and absorbed by the Earth's surface, not by greenhouse gases.

The most appropriate answer is statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect.
Important Points

Statement I: Biodiesel can be created from vegetable oils and animal fats.

• Biodiesel is a renewable fuel that can be produced from various feedstocks, including vegetable oils (such as soybean oil, rapeseed oil, or palm oil) and animal fats (such as tallow or lard).
• These feedstocks undergo a process called transesterification to convert them into biodiesel.

This statement is correct.

Statement II: Biodiesel viscosity is significantly lower than that of petroleum diesel.

• The density of biodiesel is approximately 6.15% higher than that of diesel fuel.
• The viscosity of biodiesel is higher than that of diesel fuel by 12.5%.
• The lower heating value is roughly 9.25% lower than that of diesel fuel.

Hence, statement II is incorrect.

Therefore, statement I is correct but statement II is incorrect.

The correct answer is A - III, B - I, C - IV, D - II
Important Points

Therefore, the correct answer is A - III, B - I, C - IV, D - II, E - V.