Zoology MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Zoology - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is option 4 i.e. Connective.

• Bone tissue is a type of connective tissue.
• Bone tissue is made of different types of bone cells.
• Three types of cells in bone - Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, and Osteoclasts. 
• Osteoblasts are responsible for making bone for growth and remodelling. 
• There are 3 types of bone tissue
  • Compact tissue - It is a hard (Outer part of bones).
  • Cancellous tissue -  It is sponge-like tissue (inside bones).
  • Subchondral tissue - Cartilage

The correct answer is Statement 1: Epithelial tissue forms a continuous sheet with tightly packed cells, having minimal intercellular spaces.Key Points

• Epithelial tissue forms a continuous sheet with tightly packed cells, having minimal intercellular spaces.
  • This statement is correct. Epithelial tissue is made up of cells that are tightly packed together with very little intercellular space. These cells form a continuous sheet that covers and protects the body surfaces and organs. The minimal intercellular spaces ensure that the epithelium provides an effective barrier, regulating the passage of materials in and out of the body.
• Simple squamous epithelium is found in the skin, lining of blood vessels, and lung alveoli, where transportation of substances occurs.
  • This statement is incorrect. Simple squamous epithelium is indeed found in the lining of blood vessels and lung alveoli where the exchange of gases occurs, but it is not found in the skin. The skin is covered with stratified squamous epithelium, which is made up of multiple layers of cells to provide protection against wear and tear.
• Stratified squamous epithelium is found in areas of absorption and secretion, such as the inner lining of the intestine.
  • This statement is incorrect. Stratified squamous epithelium is primarily found in areas subject to abrasion, such as the skin and the lining of the mouth or esophagus. The inner lining of the intestine is made up of columnar epithelium, which is specialized for absorption and secretion, not stratified squamous epithelium.
• Ciliated columnar epithelium are tall, pillar-like cells, is found in the respiratory tract, where its cilia help in filtering out the pollutants.​
  • This statement is incorrect. Ciliated columnar epithelium is found in the respiratory tract, where the cilia (hair-like projections on the epithelial cells) move in a coordinated manner to push mucus and trapped particles out of the airways, helping in cleaning the respiratory passages. They are Cube-shaped cells.

Important Points

Types of Epithelial Tissue:

• Simple Squamous Epithelium:

  • Structure: Thin and flat cells that form a delicate lining.

  • Location: Lining of blood vessels, lung alveoli, and oesophagus.

  • Function: Allows transportation of substances across a selectively permeable surface.

• Stratified Squamous Epithelium:

  • Structure: Cells are arranged in many layers.

  • Location: Skin (to prevent wear and tear), lining of the mouth.

  • Function: Protective layer.

• Columnar Epithelium:

  • Structure: Tall, pillar-like cells.

  • Location: Inner lining of the intestine.

  • Function: Facilitates absorption and secretion.

• Ciliated Columnar Epithelium:

  • Structure: Columnar epithelial cells with hair-like projections called cilia.

  • Location: Respiratory tract.

  • Function: Cilia move to push mucus forward, clearing it.

• Cuboidal Epithelium:

  • Structure: Cube-shaped cells.

  • Location: Lining of kidney tubules and ducts of salivary glands.

  • Function: Provides mechanical support.

• Glandular Epithelium:

  • Structure: Cells that are specialized to secrete substances.

  • Function: Secretes substances at the epithelial surface, forming multicellular glands when a portion of the tissue folds inward.

The correct answer is Parasites.

Key Points

• A parasite is an organism that survives in or on another species, usually at the expense of its host.
  • A parasite is a plant or an animal that lives on, or with, or inside a larger species extracting nutrients.
  • In some cases, the parasite can harm the host and in other situations, it is completely harmless. There are three types of parasites namely-
    • Ectoparasites
    • Endoparasites
    • Mesoparasites.

Additional Information

• Ectoparasites include parasites that survive outside the host and induce itching and rashes in that area.
• Endoparasites include parasites that survive inside the body of the host, usually in bloodstreams, muscles, digestive system and so on.
• Mesoparasites include parasites that enter the host through an opening of the body and embed themselves partially on the host.
• Parasitic infections can be caused by a wide variety of organisms – from protozoa, and helminths to arthropods. For instance, giardia is an intestinal infection caused by the giardia parasite.

The correct answer is Vitamin A.

• Golden Rice contains a high amount of  Vitamin A.

Key Points

• Golden Rice is intended to produce a fortified food to be grown and consumed in areas with a shortage of dietary Vitamin A.
• It was claimed to be able to fight vitamin A deficiency, which is the leading cause of blindness among children and can also lead to death due to diseases like measles.
• It is developed through genetic engineering and produces two new enzymes that complete the beta-carotene expression in the rice grain.
• Golden rice is a genetically modified biofortified crop.
• It is genetically modified in order to produce beta carotene, which is not normally produced in rice.
• Beta carotene is converted into Vitamin A when metabolized by the human body.
• Biofortification is the idea of breeding crops to increase their nutritional value.
• This can be done either through conventional selective breeding or genetic engineering.​
• Vitamin A is also known as Retinol.

Additional Information

• Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin that is good for healthy vision, skin, bones, and other tissues in the body.
  • Sources of Vitamin A-
    • Milk, Meat, Cheese, Liver, Halibut fish oil, cream, and kidneys.
• Vitamin B is a water-soluble vitamin
  • The deficiency of Vitamin B leads to Beri Beri.
• Vitamin C is also known as ascorbic acid.
  • It is a water-soluble vitamin.
  • Vitamin C deficiency leads to Scurvy disease.
• ​Vitamin D is also known as Cholecalciferol.
  • It is a fat-soluble vitamin.
  • The deficiency of Vitamin D leads to Rickets and osteomalacia.

The correct answer is Duck-billed Platypus.

Key Points

• The Duck-billed Platypus is one of the very few mammals known to lay eggs, a characteristic that sets it apart from most other mammals.
• Platypuses are monotremes, a unique subclass of mammals that includes only two species: the Platypus and Echidna.
• Female Platypuses typically lay 1-3 eggs and incubate them by curling their body around the eggs for warmth.
• The young hatch from the eggs in about 10 days and are fed by the mother’s milk, which is secreted through specialized mammary gland patches.
• Platypuses are native to Australia and are found in freshwater rivers and lakes in eastern regions of the continent.

Additional Information

• Monotremes: Monotremes are egg-laying mammals that include only the Platypus and Echidna. They are characterized by having both mammalian and reptilian traits.
• Unique Anatomy: Platypuses have a distinctive duck-like bill, webbed feet, and a tail resembling that of a beaver. The bill is highly sensitive and helps in detecting prey underwater.
• Venomous Spur: Male Platypuses possess venomous spurs on their hind legs, which can deliver a painful sting to predators or rivals during mating season.
• Conservation Status: Platypuses are classified as "Near Threatened" by the IUCN due to habitat loss and environmental changes affecting their populations.
• Milk Secretion: Unlike most mammals, Platypuses do not have nipples; their milk is secreted through specialized skin patches, and the young lap it up directly from the mother’s skin.

The correct answer is jointed legs.

Arthropoda - 

• The word ‘arthropod’ means ‘jointed legs’.
• Ex: houseflies, spiders, scorpions, prawns, butterflies and crabs.

The Hierarchy of Classification of living organisms - 

• Living organisms are classified into five kingdoms, by Whittaker, i.e. 
  • ​Kingdom Monera,
  • Kingdom Protista,
  • Kingdom Fungi,
  • Kingdom Plantae,
  • Kingdom Animalia.
• Further classification is done by the following scheme: Kingdom, Phylum (for animals) / Division (for plants), Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
• Kingdom Animalia is further classified based on the extent and type of the body design differentiation found, as below:

The correct answer is Arthropoda.

Key Points

• Arthropoda is a group of invertebrate animals having an exoskeleton, a segmented body and jointed legs.
• Their body consists of segments with a pair of appendages.
• Their reproduction occurs by internal fertilization (terrestrial species) and internal or external fertilization (aquatic species).
• They have an open circulatory system.
• Types of Arthropods –
  • Insects: Ants, Aphids, Butterflies, Grasshoppers, Termites, and etc.
  • Arachnids: Scorpion, Mites, Spiders
  • Crustacean: Crabs, Fish, Lobsters, Shrimp, and etc.
• Their evolution dates back to the Cambrian period.
• They are a source of food for humans.
• They are pollinators of crops.
• Some species spread diseases to humans, livestock, and crops.
• Largest phylum of invertebrate animals.

Additional Information

• Mollusca – 2nd largest phylum of invertebrate animals mostly found in marine and freshwater having the soft body divided into head, visceral mass, muscular foot, and mantle. Examples: Snail, Octopus, Squid, Oyster, Clams, and etc.
• Nematoda: bilaterally symmetrical, elongate and tapered at both ends; an important role in nutrient recycling in the soil feed. They cause diseases such as Ascariasis, Enterobiasis, Filariasis, and etc. Examples: Ascarids, Worms
• Echinodermata: marine animals having a star-like appearance, Echinoderms (Phylum Echinodermata) are a diverse, exclusively marine group of invertebrates.
  • Examples: Starfish, Sea urchins, Crinoids, etc.

• All arthropods lay eggs except Scorpion who directly give birth to young.

Popular species of Arthropods

The correct answer is Mollusca.

Key Points

• Cuttlefish or cuttles are marine Molluscs of the Phylum Mollusca, Class Cephalopoda, Subclass Coleoids, Order Sepiida, Kingdom Animalia. 
• Examples of Molluscs are squid, octopuses, colossal squid, gastropods (snails and slugs), etc. 

Additional Information

• Echinodermata examples are starfish, sea urchins, crinoids, brittle stars, etc. 
• Annelida examples are earthworms, leech, Clitellata, polychaete, etc. 
• Pisces examples are bluefish, goldfish, guppy, common carp, etc. 

Rod-shaped is the correct answer.

• Bacteria exist in a variety of forms, mainly spherical, rod-shaped and spiral-shaped.
• Rod-shaped Bacillus: bacilli
• Spherical Coccus: cocci
• Comma-shaped Vibrium: vibrio
• Spiral Spirillum: spirilla

Animals from class Aves are warm-blooded.

• Aves class represents birds and their characteristic features are feathers, a beak, and the forelimbs are modified into wings.
• They are warm-blooded animals i.e. they will be able to maintain constant body temperature.

The correct answer is Ant

Key Points

​When considering brain-to-body size ratio (encephalization quotient), ants have a remarkably large brain relative to their body size. While humans have large brains and are known for their significant cognitive abilities, when looking purely at the proportion of brain size to body size, ants have one of the highest ratios.

• Ants: Ants have a very high brain-to-body size ratio. Their brains can make up about 6% of their body mass, which is significant.
• Humans: Humans also have a high brain-to-body ratio compared to most animals, but not as high as ants.
• Dolphins: Dolphins have large, complex brains with a high encephalization quotient, but the brain relative to body size is not as high as that of ants or humans.
• Elephants: Elephants have large brains, but their ratio of brain size to body size is lower compared to humans, dolphins, and especially ants.

The correct answer is Peacock.

Key Points

• Peacock has a four-chambered heart.
• Peacock is the national bird of India and its scientific name is Pavo cristatus.
• Taxonomy of Peacock:
  • Kingdom: Animalia
  • Phylum: Chordata
  • Subphylum: Vertebrata  
  • Superclass: Tetrapoda   
  • Class: Aves   
  • Order: Galliformes
  • Family: Phasianidae
  • Genus: Pavo
  • Species: cristatus

Additional Information

• The frog belongs to the class Amphibia and has a characteristic three-chambered heart with 2 auricles and 1 ventricle.
• Fishes have a two-chambered heart. 
• Sea horses have a two-chambered heart

Concept: 

Cold-blooded animals:

• Cold-blooded animals are animals that are not capable of regulating their body’s temperature according to the temperature of the surrounding.
• They do not have a constant body temperature.
• Cold-blooded animals include reptiles, amphibians, fishes, insects, and other invertebrates.
• These animals are also called poikilothermic animals.

Warm-blooded animals:

• Warm-blooded animals are the animals that are capable of maintaining a nearly constant body temperature irrespective of the temperature of the environment.
• Their body temperature remains the same as they move from one surrounding to another.
• The temperature control is mostly obtained by regulating their metabolic rates.
• Warm-blooded animals include birds and mammals.
• These animals are also called homeothermic animals.

Explanation:

Shark:

• Sharks don’t fit the criteria for mammals in the most important respects.
• They don’t produce milk, they don’t have hair, and most of them are cold-blooded.
• The only characteristic they share with mammals is that some shark species give live birth.
• They belong to the class Chondrichthyes and not Mammalia.

​Thus, the shark is a cold blooded animal.

Important PointsWhale:

• Whale belongs to the class Mammalia.
• The whale is a mammal, not a fish, hence it is warm-blooded.
• It is classified under the Phylum Chordata.
• Whales give birth to live offspring (whereas fish hatch their young from eggs), and feed their young (called calves) on milk produced by the female's own body. 

Eagle: Is a bird, so warm-blooded.

Kangaroo: Is a mammal so warm-blooded.​

Additional Information

Mammalia:

• The class Mammalia includes a huge number of animals.
• All mammals are warm-blooded vertebrates whose offspring drink milk.

Characteristics:

• They give live birth: 
  • Mammals are viviparous, which means they give birth to live young.
  • The exceptions to this rule are monotremes, which are mammals that lay eggs.
  • The platypus and echidna are monotremes.
• They produce milk: 
  • Infant mammals require their mother’s milk in the first weeks or months of their lives.
  • All-female mammals have mammary glands that allow them to nurse their young.
• Mammals breathe air through their lungs: 
  • Even underwater mammals use their lungs to breathe.
• They have hair or fur: 
  • All mammals have fur or hair.
  • Some marine mammals are the exception to this rule.
• They are vertebrates: 
  • All mammals have a backbone. 
  • Amphibians, fish and reptiles also have backbones, but they lack the other characteristics of mammals.
• Mammals are warm-blooded: 
  • Which means they maintain an even body temperature.

The Correct Answer is Option 2 i.e Epithelial Tissue.

Key Points

• Adipose Tissue:
  • The tissue that stores all the fat of the human body is called 'adipose tissue'. 
  • It is a loose connective tissue composed of adipocytes.
• Epithelial Tissue:
  • They cover all the outer surfaces of the body.
  • They are the first line of protection from any physical or chemical damage.
  • The outermost layer of the skin, the epidermis is an example of this tissue.
• Muscular tissue:
  • It is a soft tissue that connects the muscles of the body and has the ability to shorten or contract in order to produce movement of the body parts.
• Areolar tissue:
  • It is loose connective tissue. 
  • It acts as a reservoir of water and salts for surrounding tissues.