Tribunals MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Tribunals - Download Free PDF

✅ Answer: 3) Justice K. Balakrishnan Nair
Key Points

• Justice K. Balakrishnan Nair, former Judge of the Kerala High Court, was appointed as the first Chairman of the Kerala Administrative Tribunal (KAT).
• KAT started functioning from 22 December 2011.

Important Points 

• The Kerala Administrative Tribunal was established under the Administrative Tribunals Act, 1985, in line with Article 323A of the Indian Constitution.
• It adjudicates service matters related to the Kerala state government employees.
• The head office is located at Thiruvananthapuram, with additional benches at Kochi and Kozhikode.

Additional Information

• The tribunal was formed to reduce the workload of the Kerala High Court in service-related litigations.
• It has the same powers as a civil court and follows procedures similar to that of courts.
• Appeals against KAT decisions lie directly with the High Court of Kerala.

✅ Answer: 2) 22 December 2011
Key PointsThe Kerala Administrative Tribunal (KAT) started functioning on 22nd December 2011.

It was established under Article 323A of the Indian Constitution and the Administrative Tribunals Act, 1985.

KAT deals with service matters related to employees of the State Government of Kerala.

Important PointsThe headquarters of KAT is in Thiruvananthapuram, with additional benches in Kochi and Kozhikode.

It is a quasi-judicial body that helps reduce the burden of service-related cases from the Kerala High Court.

KAT hears cases such as:

Appointments

Transfers

Promotions

Disciplinary actions involving state government employees

The correct answer is 'President of India'

Key Points

• Appointment of the Chairman of the Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT):
  • The Central Administrative Tribunal was established under Article 323-A of the Constitution of India to adjudicate disputes and complaints related to recruitment and service conditions of public servants.
  • The appointment of the Chairman of the Central Administrative Tribunal is made by the President of India.
  • The Chairman must be a sitting or retired Judge of a High Court or someone with equivalent qualifications as specified under the Administrative Tribunals Act, 1985.
  • The President makes the appointment after consultation with the Chief Justice of India.

Additional Information

• Other options explained:
  • Chief Justice of Supreme Court: While the Chief Justice of India is consulted during the appointment process, the Chief Justice does not have the authority to appoint the Chairman of the Central Administrative Tribunal. This power lies solely with the President of India.
  • NITI Aayog: NITI Aayog is a policy think tank of the Government of India and does not play any role in the appointment of the Chairman of the Central Administrative Tribunal.
  • Judges of High Court: High Court judges are not involved in the appointment process of the Chairman of the Central Administrative Tribunal, though the Chairman can be a sitting or retired High Court judge.

The Correct answer is Members of the defense forces.

Key Points

• The Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT) was established under Article 323-A of the Constitution of India through the Administrative Tribunals Act, 1985.
• It was created to adjudicate disputes and complaints relating to the recruitment, conditions of service, and disciplinary matters for persons appointed to public services and posts in connection with the affairs of the Union or state governments.
• The jurisdiction of CAT does not extend to the members of the defense forces, as these personnel are governed by a separate legal framework, such as the Army Act, Navy Act, and Air Force Act.
• The members of the defense forces are excluded from CAT as their employment conditions and disciplinary proceedings are specialized and require distinct legal mechanisms.
• Civilian employees of defense services, All India Services, and Central Civil Services fall under the purview of CAT, but defense forces personnel are explicitly exempted.
• This exclusion ensures that military personnel are handled within their own established military justice system, which is tailored to the unique requirements of defense operations.

 Additional Information

• Civilian employees of defense services
  • Civilian employees working in defense establishments are governed by the rules applicable to government employees and are therefore covered under the jurisdiction of CAT.
  • They include personnel working in administrative, logistics, or other support functions within defense organizations.
• All India Services
  • The All India Services consist of the Indian Administrative Service (IAS), Indian Police Service (IPS), and Indian Forest Service (IFS).
  • These services are governed by the All India Services Act, 1951, and disputes related to their service conditions can be brought before CAT.
• The Central Civil Services
  • The Central Civil Services include various categories of employees working for the Union Government, such as Group A, B, C, and D services.
  • CAT has jurisdiction over disputes concerning these services, including recruitment, promotion, and disciplinary matters.

Key Points

• The National Green Tribunal (NGT) was established on 18 October 2010 under the National Green Tribunal Act 2010.
• The purpose of the NGT is to handle the expeditious disposal of cases pertaining to environmental protection, conservation of forests, and other natural resources.
• The NGT is a specialized body equipped with the necessary expertise to handle environmental disputes involving multidisciplinary issues.
• The Tribunal is mandated to dispose of applications or appeals finally within 6 months of their filing.

The correct answer is President.

Key Points

• The Administrative Tribunal is a statutory body. It performs quasi-judicial functions.
• The chairman of both Central, as well as State Tribunals, is appointed by the President.
• However, only the Chief Justice of India is consulted for the appointment of Chairman of Central Administrative Tribunal.
• The Governor of the concerned state is consulted for the appointment of Chairman of the State Administrative Tribunal.

Additional Information

• Swaran Singh Committee recommended the establishment of Administrative Tribunals.
• Administrative Tribunals come under the purview of Article 323A.
• It is not a court, however, judiciary powers have been vested to it.

The correct answer is National Green Tribunal.

• NGT stands for National Green Tribunal.

Important Points

• NGT was established on 18^th October 2010 under the National Green Tribunal Act 2010.
  • Its aim was effective and expeditious disposal of cases relating to environmental protection and conservation of forests and other natural resources; Enforcement of legal rights relating to the environment; Providing relief and compensation for damages to persons and property.
  • It will help reduce the burden of litigation in higher courts.
  • New Delhi is the Principal Place of Sitting of the Tribunal and Bhopal, Pune, Kolkata, and Chennai are the other four places of sitting of the Tribunal.

The correct answer is Ninety days.

Key Points

 National Green Tribunal:

• The National Green Tribunal, established in 2010, as per the National Green Tribunal Act is a specialized judicial body equipped with expertise solely for the purpose of adjudicating environmental cases in the country.
• The Tribunal has a presence in five zones- North, Central, East, South and West. The Principal Bench is situated in the North Zone, headquartered in Delhi.
• The Tribunal is headed by the Chairperson who sits in the Principal Bench and has at least ten but not more than twenty judicial members and at least ten but not more than twenty expert members
• Any person seeking relief and compensation for environmental damage involving subjects in the legislations mentioned in Schedule I of the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 may approach the Tribunal.
• Decisions of the Tribunal are binding. The Tribunal’s orders are enforceable as the powers vested are the same as in a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908.   
• The Tribunal has powers to review its own decisions. If this fails, the decision can be challenged before the Supreme Court within ninety days. Hence statement 4 is correct.

The Correct Answer is New Delhi.

Key Points

• New Delhi is the Principal Place of Sitting of the Tribunal.
• Bhopal, Pune, Kolkata, and Chennai are the circuit branch of the tribunal.

Important Points

• The National Green Tribunal (‘NGT’) was established on 18th October 2010 under the National Green Tribunal Act 2010.
• It is a specialized body equipped with the necessary expertise to handle environmental disputes involving multi-disciplinary issues.
• NGT is mandated to make disposal of applications or appeals finally within 6 months of the filing of the same.
• The Tribunal is not bound by the procedure laid down under the Code of Civil Procedure 1908, but shall be guided by principles of 'natural justice'.

 Additional Information

Composition of NGT

• The Tribunal comprises of the Chairperson, the Judicial Members, and Expert Members.
• They shall hold office for a term of five years and are not eligible for reappointment.
• The Chairperson is appointed by the Central Government in consultation with the Chief Justice of India (CJI).

The correct answer is option 1.

Key Points

• The National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 was enacted in consonance with the Right to a healthy environment, construed as a part of the Right to life under Art. 21.
  • It draws inspiration from India's constitutional provision of (Constitution of India/Part III) Article 21 Protection of life and personal liberty, which assures the citizens of India the right to a healthy environment.
  • The legislate Act of Parliament defines the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 as follows
    • An Act to provide for the establishment of a National Green Tribunal for the effective and expeditious disposal of cases relating to environmental protection and conservation of forests and other natural resources including enforcement of any legal right relating to the environment and giving relief and compensation for damages to persons and property and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto.
    • The tribunal is mandated to make and endeavor for disposal of applications or appeals finally within 6 months of the filing of the same.
    • The Chairperson of the NGT is a retired Judge of the Supreme Court, headquartered in New Delhi.
    • On 18^th October 2010, Justice Lokeshwar Singh Panta became its first Chairman.

The correct answer is 2 only.

• The National Green Tribunal (NGT) is a statutory body that was established in 2010 by the National Green Tribunal Act.
  • It was set up to handle cases and speed up the cases related to environmental issues.
  • The Tribunal shall not be bound by the procedure laid down under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, but shall be guided by principles of natural justice.
  • New Delhi is the Principal Place of Sitting of the Tribunal and Bhopal, Pune, Kolkata, and Chennai shall be the other 4 places of sitting of the Tribunal.
• The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), the statutory organization, was constituted in September 1974 under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974. Hence, statement 1 is not correct.
  • Further, CPCB was entrusted with the powers and functions under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.
  • Principal Functions of the CPCB, as spelled out in the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, and the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981,
    • to promote cleanliness of streams and wells in different areas of the States by prevention, control and abatement of water pollution, and
    • to improve the quality of air and to prevent, control or abate air pollution in the country. Hence, statement 2 is correct.

The correct answer is option 3, i.e. Statement I is true but statement II is false.

Key Points

Foreigners tribunals are constituted under the Foreigners Act 1946.

• Each tribunal is headed by a member who can be any retired judicial officer, bureaucrat, lawyer.
• He should be having a minimum of seven years of legal practice.
• The Ministry of Home Affairs amended the foreigner Tribunal Order 1964.
• After which district magistrates in all states and union territories are empowered to set up tribunals.
• It is to decide a person staying in India illegally is a foreigner or not.
• Before the amendment, the power was with the centre.
• After the amendment one individual also can approach the tribunal while it was not the case earlier.
• Now the central government or state government or the Union territory administration or the collector or the district magistrate may refer the question as to whether a person is not a foreigner to a tribunal for its opinion.
• It should be done under the definition of the foreigner in the Foreigners Act 1946.

The correct answer is It is bound by the procedures laid down under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908.

Key Points

• National Green Tribunal (NGT):
  • The National Green Tribunal was formed on 18 October 2010.
  • It is a statutory body formed under the National Green Tribunal Act 2010. Hence, NGT is a statutory body.
  • It is related to Article 21 of the Indian Constitution.
  • This Tribunal has the same status as the High Court.
  • Its headquarters is located in New Delhi.
  • The main objective of the establishment of the National Green Tribunal is to speedy disposal of environmental issues to reduce the burden of pending litigations in the country's courts. Hence, NGT is a Quasi-Judicial Body.
  • According to the National Green Tribunal Act, NGT must deal with the environmental issues faced by them within 6 months.

• Composition: Chairman+ Members (Judicial and Expert members)
• There are at least 10 and a maximum of 20 full-time judicial members and expert members.
• Tenure: 5 years
• Not eligible for re-appointment.
• Appointment:
  • The Chairman is appointed by the Central Government after consulting the Chief Justice of India.
  • A selection committee is formed by the central government to appoint judicial and expert members.
• Salary and Allowances are determined by the Central Government.
• Being a statutory body, the NGT has appellate jurisdiction and under which it can conduct hearings.
• NGT is not obliged to follow the judicial process mentioned in Civil Procedure Code, 1908.

• There are four Regional Offices of the National Green Tribunal.
• These include:
  • ​Bhopal
  • Kolkata
  • Chennai
  • Pune
• With the establishment of the National Green Tribunal, India has become the third country in the world to set up a special environmental tribunal after Australia and New Zealand.

The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

• Article 323 A
  • This Article was introduced in the Constitution in 1976 under 42^nd Amendment Act.
  • It provides for the establishment of an administrative tribunal for the Union and a separate administrative tribunal for each State or for two or more States. Hence statement 1 is correct.
  • Parliament may, by law, provide for the trial by administrative tribunals of disputes and complaints with respect to recruitment and conditions of service of persons appointed to public services and posts in connection with
    • The affairs of the Union or of any State
    • Of any local or other authority within the territory of India
    • Under the control of the Government of India
    • Of any corporation owned or controlled by the Government. Hence statement 2 is correct.
  • Tribunals established by law exclude the jurisdiction of all courts, except the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court under article 136, with respect to disputes or complaints. Hence statement 3 is not correct.
  • It also provides for the procedure including provisions as to limitations and rules of evidence to be followed. Hence statement 4 is correct.

The correct answer is Gopuram.

Key Points

• The Principal Bench of the Central Administrative Tribunal is located at New Delhi.
• The Central Administrative Tribunal had been established under Article 323 -A of the Constitution for adjudication of disputes and complaints with respect to recruitment and conditions of service of persons appointed to public services and posts in connection with the affairs of the Union or other authorities under the control of the Government.
• There are 19 Benches and 19 Circuit Benches in the Central Administrative Tribunal all over India.

Additional Information 

• The Government of India has notified 215 organizations including Ministries and Departments of Central Government, under section 14 (2) of the Administrative Tribunals Act, 1985 to bring them within the jurisdiction of the Central Administrative Tribunal, from time to time. 
• In addition the Central Administrative Tribunal, Principal Bench is dealing with the matters of Govt. of National Capital Territory of Delhi.
• The Central Administrative Tribunal is headed by Hon'ble Chairman Sh. Justice Ranjit Vasantrao More, retired Chief Justice, Meghalaya High Court.