Recent trends in Agriculture Sector MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Recent trends in Agriculture Sector - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana.

Key Points

• Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY) is a government scheme launched in 2015 to promote organic farming in India, including Uttarakhand.
• PKVY aims to encourage farmers to adopt traditional and sustainable agricultural practices to improve soil health and reduce chemical usage.
• The scheme provides financial assistance to farmers for organic farming practices, including inputs, certification, and marketing.
• Under PKVY, clusters of 50 acres are formed to implement organic farming practices effectively and to facilitate collective certification.
• The scheme also includes training and capacity-building programs for farmers to enhance their knowledge and skills in organic farming.

Additional Information

• Organic Farming:
  • It is a farming method that involves growing and nurturing crops without the use of synthetic based fertilizers and pesticides.
  • Organic farming promotes sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural practices.
  • It focuses on maintaining soil fertility and ecological balance.
• Certification in Organic Farming:
  • Certification is the process of verifying that organic standards are met in production.
  • It ensures the authenticity of organic products in the market.
  • Certified organic products often fetch higher prices due to their perceived health and environmental benefits.
• Benefits of Organic Farming:
  • Improves soil health and fertility.
  • Reduces pollution and conserves water.
  • Promotes biodiversity and ecological balance.
  • Produces healthier food free from synthetic additives.
• Government Support for Organic Farming:
  • Various schemes like PKVY, RKVY, and others promote organic farming.
  • Financial assistance is provided for inputs, certification, and marketing.
  • Training and capacity-building programs are conducted for farmers.

The correct answer is Only one​.Key Points1991 economic reforms:

• In the eighth 5 year plan (1992 - 97) Target Growth was 5.6 % while the Actual Growth was 6.8%. In the
• Ninth Plan (1997- 2002) Target Growth was 6.5% while the Actual Growth: 5.4%.
• In the Tenth Plan (2002 - 2007) the Target Growth was 8 % while the Actual Growth 7.6 %. 
• In the Eleventh Plan (2007 - 2012) the Target Growth was 9 % while the Actual Growth is 8%. Hence it is seen that the growth rate fluctuated many times, and it was not steadily increased. Hence, Statement 1 is not correct.
• After the economic reforms, during the eighth plan period, high growth of agriculture and allied sector, and the manufacturing sector was seen. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.
• The share of the public sector in total investment had declined considerably to about 34 %. So it decreased. Hence, Statement 3 is not correct.

Additional Information

• Nature and Scope of 1991 Reforms:
  • In order to get out of the macro-economic crisis in 1991, India launched a New Economic Policy, which was based on LPG or Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation model.
  • Then Finance Minister, Manmohan Singh, was the prime architect of the historic 1991 liberalisation.
  • The broad range of reforms under the LPG model included:
  • Liberalising Industrial Policy: Abolition of industrial license permit raj, Reduction in import tariffs, etc.
  • Beginning of Privatisation: Deregulation of markets, Banking reforms, etc.
  • Globalisation: Exchange rate correction, liberalising foreign direct investment and trade policies, Removal of mandatory convertibility cause, etc.
  • These reforms are credited and applauded for the high economic growth seen from 1991 to 2011 and substantial reduction of poverty from 2005 to 2015.

The correct answer is Only one.

In News

• With the announcement of White Revolution 2.0, India’s dairy sector and related statistics such as per capita availability, production patterns, and market share have come under focus.

Key Points

• Statement 1 is correct: The national per capita availability of milk in India is 459 grams/day, which is higher than the global average of 323 grams/day. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
• Statement 2 is incorrect: As per BAHS 2023, the top five milk-producing states are Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, and Andhra Pradesh. Gujarat is among the top five but not the top producer — Uttar Pradesh ranks first. Hence, Statement 2 is incorrect.
• Statement 3 is incorrect: About 63% of total milk production in India reaches the market, while the remaining is consumed by producers themselves. Hence, Statement 3 is incorrect.

Additional Information

• India is the world’s largest milk producer, with 230.58 million tonnes produced in 2022–23.
• Operation Flood and NDDB initiatives played a pivotal role in this growth.
• The dairy sector contributes significantly to the rural economy and employs over 8.5 crore people, mostly women.

The correct answer is All three.

In News

• India has witnessed a significant, yet under-celebrated, “green revolution” in maize, with production more than tripling since 1999–2000. Apart from being used in feed and food industries, maize is now being targeted as a sustainable ethanol source for fuel blending.

Key Points

• Statement 1 is correct: India’s maize production rose from 11.5 million tonnes in 1999–2000 to over 35 million tonnes in 2023–24, showing more than a threefold increase. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
• Statement 2 is correct: Around 60% of India’s maize is used as feed for poultry and livestock, with only a fifth used for human consumption. Hence, Statement 2 is correct.
• Statement 3 is correct: With the government halting surplus rice supply for ethanol due to food security concerns, maize has emerged as an alternative feedstock for ethanol production, particularly in the off-season. Hence, Statement 3 is correct.

Additional Information

• IARI has developed a waxy maize hybrid with higher amylopectin content, enhancing ethanol yield.
• The CIMMYT facility in Karnataka is accelerating maize breeding using doubled haploid (DH) technology, improving traits such as drought and pest resistance.
• Private sector seed firms dominate maize hybrid production in India, accounting for over 80% of the cultivated area.

The correct answer is First.

Key Points

• According to the National Horticulture Board, Bihar has become the largest mushroom-producing state in India by producing more than 28,000 tonnes of mushrooms in the year 2021-22.
• This is a significant increase from the previous year’s production of 23,000 tonnes.
• Bihar’s mushroom production accounts for 10.82% of the total mushrooms produced in the country.

Additional InformationNational Horticulture Board

• National Horticulture Board (NHB) has its headquarters in Gurugram.
• The National Horticulture Board (NHB) was set up by the Government of India in April 1984. 
• It was set up based on recommendations of the "Group on Perishable Agricultural Commodities", headed by Dr M. S. Swaminathan, the then Member (Agriculture), Planning Commission, Government of India.
• The NHB is registered as a Society under the Societies Registration Act 1860.

Option 4 is correct, i.e. Assam.

• Muga silk is the product of the silkworm Antheraea assamensis and is mostly grown in Assam. The larvae of these moths feed on som and sualu leaves. Assam is the largest producer of this golden-colored silk in not just India but the entire world.
• Assam is famous for its Muga variety of silk. It is registered as a Geographical Indication for Assam.
• Know about Assam:
  • Capital: Dispur
  • Languages: Assamese, Bodo, Bengali
  • Major Rivers: Subansiri, Dihang, Brahmaputra.
  • Geographical Indications: Muga Silk, Tezpur Litchi, Boka Chaul (Oryza sativa), Gamosa, Chokuwa.
  • World Heritage Sites: Kaziranga National Park on the bank of the Brahmaputra, Manas Wildlife Sanctuary near the border with Bhutan.

The correct answer is Milk.

• White revolution is related to Milk.

Key Points

• The Father of Operation Flood was Dr Verghese Kurien.
• Operation Flood was the largest integrated dairy development Programme in the world. 
• The speedy increase in the field of milk production is called White Revolution. 
• To increase the pace of the White Revolution, Operation Flood was started. 

 Additional Information

• It was started by National Dairy Development Board in 1970.
• Green Revolution is related to crops.
• Blue Revolution is related to Fish.
• Brown Revolution is related to Leather.

The correct answer is Wheat & Rice.

• The green revolution has been most successful in rotation for Wheat & Rice.

Key Points

• Green Revolution:
  • The increase in agriculture productivity of cereals that have taken place since the 1960s mainly as a result of the introduction of high yielding varieties of wheat and rice, use of fertilizers, machines and irrigation, etc. is known as the green revolution.
  • The green revolution had made us self-sufficient in food production.
  • It is the phrase generally used to describe the spectacular increase that took place during 1968 and is continuing in the production of food-grains in India. 

Additional Information

• Impact of Green Revolution:
  • Positive Impact
    • Increase in agricultural production
    • Reduction of the import of food grains
    • Capitalistic farming
    • Industrial growth
    • Rural employment
  • Negative Impact
    • Inter-crop imbalance
    • Increase in regional imbalance
    • Unemployment due to mechanisation
    • Increase in inter-regional migration
    • Environment Impacts
    • Soil Solinisation
    • Negligence of other crops

The correct answer is Other sectors do not absorb people from agriculture.

Key Points

• As countries develop, the share of the population working in agriculture is declining.
• While further than two-thirds of the population in poor countries work in agriculture, lower than 5 of the population does in rich countries.
• It's generally the huge productivity increase that makes this reduction in labor possible.
• Also, productivity earnings make it possible to reduce the agrarian land demanded to feed a given number of people.
• People didn't get higher returns in agriculture. Instead, they involve in agriculture because there is no experience required and also no qualification.
• The main reason is unemployment.

Additional Information

• Sectors in Economy:
  • Primary Sector:
    • To keep the day-to-day operations going, this sector's services are completely reliant on the availability of natural resources.
    • Eg. Agriculture, Mining, Fishing, Forestry, Dairy, etc. 
  • Secondary Sector:
    • The economics of the sector is based on natural materials that are utilized to manufacture the services and goods that are given, and which are then consumed.
  • Tertiary Sector:
    • The tertiary sector is referred to as the service sector.
    • The service business creates services rather than finished items.
    • Services (also known as "Intangible Products") include things like attention, direction, access, experience, and emotional labor.

The correct answer is Western Arid Region.

• Tharparkar:
  • Its original place of origin is the Sindh region and Malani village Barmer.
  • Its breeding center is in Chandan village, Jaisalmer.
  • This cow breed is found mainly in the border region of Pakistan and Jaisalmer.
  • Tharparkar breed is found in the Western Arid region of Rajasthan.

Tharparkar

Key Points

• Madhya Pradesh ranks first in the country in terms of cow population, while Rajasthan ranks fifth.
• The highest number of cows in Rajasthan is found in Udaipur while the minimum is in Dholpur.
• Foreign breeds found in Rajasthan such as Irsar, Holston, Swiss Brown, Banarsi or Jersey, Redden, etc.

Additional Information

• Central Animal Breeding Center is in Suratgarh, Sri Ganganagar.
• Other cow breeds
  • Rathi
  • Haryanvi 
  • Nagauri
  • Mewati
  • Kankarej
  • Ajmera
  • Sanchori
  • Malvi  

The correct answer is Darjeeling Tea.
Key Points

• Darjeeling Tea got the first GI tag in 2004.
• Darjeeling Tea, Mahabaleshwar Strawberry, Blue Pottery of Jaipur, Banarasi Sarees, and TirupatiLaddus are some very famous examples of the GIs.

Additional Information

• The tagline of the GI tag is Invaluable Treasures of Incredible India.
• A geographical indication (GI) is a sign used on products that have a specific geographical origin and possess qualities or a reputation that are due to that origin.
• India has 236 GI products registered so far and over 270 more products have applied for the label.
• Under Articles 1 (2) and 10 of the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, geographical indications are covered as an element of IPRs.

The correct answer is Uttar Pradesh.

Key Points 

Uttar Pradesh – Agricultural Production

• Uttar Pradesh is the largest producer of wheat in India. The most important food crop in Uttar Pradesh is wheat. Uttar Pradesh contributed 32.42% of the total wheat production in India.
• Some of the interesting facts about the largest wheat-producing state in India – Uttar Pradesh, are given below:
  • The leading occupation in Uttar Pradesh is in the field of agriculture.
  • As of 2014-15, 19% of India’s total food grain output was from Uttar Pradesh.
  • The most important food crop in Uttar Pradesh is wheat.
  • The most important commercial crop in Uttar Pradesh is sugarcane.
  • Uttar Pradesh is India’s largest producer of sugar.

The correct answer is rice, wheat and maize.

 Key Points

AGRICULTUR IN BIHAR

• Bihar is located in the eastern part of India (between 83°-30′ to 88°-00′ longitude), surrounded by Nepal in the north, West Bengal in the east, Uttar Pradesh in the west, and Jharkhand in the south.
• 76% of its population is engaged in agricultural pursuits. Bihar has-
  • Total geographical area= 93.60 lakh hectare,
  • Net cultivated area= 56.03 lakh hectare,
  • Gross cultivated area= 79.46 lakh hectare.
• Principal food crops are paddy, wheat, maize and pulses. Main cash crops are sugarcane, potato, tobacco, oilseeds, onion, chillies and jute.
• Bihar is divided by river Ganges into two parts, the north Bihar with an area of 53.3 thousand square km and the south Bihar having an area of 40.9 thousand square km.
• Bihar is the third largest producer of vegetables and fourth largest producer of fruits in the country.
• It is the largest producer of Litchi, Makhana, Guava, Lady’s finger in India. The state already exports Litchi, Basmati rice and snow pea.
• There are three major types of soil in Bihar i.e. Piedmont Swamp Soil (found in West Champaran district), Terai Soil(found in northern part of the state along the border of Nepal), Gangetic Alluvium (the plain of Bihar is covered by gangetic alluvium both new/Khadar as well as old/Bangar).
• The state was awarded the Krishi KarmanAward for rice production in the year 2013 and for maize production in 2016. The Government of India has conferred the “Krishi Karman Award” to the state on 2nd January 2020, for its achievements in production and productivity of Maize and Wheat.

The correct answer is NABARD.

Key Points

• In 1995-96, the RIDF was established by the government of India to fund ongoing rural infrastructure projects.
• The Fund was instituted under the National Agriculture and Rural Development Bank (NABARD).
• Domestic commercial banks are contributing to the Fund in terms of their shortcomings in stipulated priority sector loans to agriculture.
• The key objective of funds is to lend to state governments and state-owned enterprises in order to fund ongoing rural infrastructure projects.
• RIDF's scope has been expanded to include activities such as rural drinking water schemes, soil conservation, rural market yards, rural health centres and primary schmini-hydropower power plants, Shishu Shiksha Kendra, anganwadis and energy network improvements.

The correct answer is a small farmer.

Key Points

Farmer -

• Marginal farmer -
  • A farmer having less than one hectare (2.5 acres) are called a marginal farmer.
  • However, the average landholding of marginal farmers, who constitute around 65 per cent of total farmers in India, is less than one acre (0.4 hectares) and the average landholding of small farmers is around three acres (1.21 hectares).
• Small farmer -
  • Farmers having less than two hectares (five acres) of land are called small farmers.
  • A farmer implies a farmer’s agricultural area of more than 1 hectare and up to 2 hectares as owner or tenant or sharecropper. Hence the correct answer is 4.