Meristematic Tissues MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Meristematic Tissues - Download Free PDF

Concept: 

• Interfascicular cambium is a continuous ring formed by the meristematic activity of the cells of medullary rays present next to intrafascicular cambium.
• Cork cambium is a meristematic tissue, which divides and replaces the broken cells of epidermal and cortex layer due to the high activity of vascular cambium.

​​​Explanation:

Option 1:

• Cell division is defined as the process where
• After mitosis, plant cells divide in half by forming a new cell wall (cell plate) between daughter nuclei.
• Both interfascicular cambium and cork cambium are not formed by cell division.
• Therefore, this is the incorrect option.

​Option 2:

• Cell differentiation is the process through which cells from the same source generate cell groups with different morphological and functional features over time.
• Interfascicular cambium and cork cambium is not formed by cell differentiation.
• Therefore, this is the incorrect option.

​Option 3:

• Cell dedifferentiation is defined as a temporary process in which cells become less specialized and return to an earlier cell state.
• Under some circumstances, a differentiated cell can regain its ability to divide.
• Cell dedifferentiation results in the formation of interfascicular cambium and cork cambium.
• Therefore, this is the correct answer.

​​Option 4:

• A mature plant cell loses its ability to divide after being dedifferentiated.
• Both the interfascicular cambium and cork cambium are not formed due to the process of redifferentiation.
• Therefore, this is the incorrect option.

​The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

• The meristem refers to the undifferentiated cells that are capable of active cell division.
• Promeristem refers to the young meristematic tissue that occurs during the early embryonic stage.
• The different types of primary meristems are derived from this tissue.

Explanation:

• The histogen theory was given by Hanstein, in relation to the development of plant tissues.
• According to this theory, the three principle plant tissues originate from three different groups of initial cells or histogens that are present in the apical meristems.
• This theory is applicable to both root and shoot meristems.
• The histogen layers and their development was cited as follows:
  • Dermatogen → Epidermis
  • Periblem → Cortex
  • Plerome → Vascular cyclinder
• ​For root caps, a fourth histogen was said to be involved, which was called calyptrogen.
• The histogens are thought to be present in linear order, with the plerome being in innermost parts of root and calyptrogen at the tip.​

Therefore, part of the promeristem that develops into cortex of the stem and roots is Periblem.
  

Key Points

• Tunica corpus theory is concerned with shoot apex.
• The theory explains the plane of cell division in the shoot apex.
• According to this theory, the apical meristem in the shoot apex is divided into two tissue zones - Tunica and Corpus.

1. Tunica:
   • It refers to one or more peripheral layers of the cell of the shoot apex.
   • The cells of this layer divide in a plane perpendicular to the surface of the meristem.
2. Corpus:
   • It refers to the body of cells.
   • It comprises several layers.
   • The cells in the corpus region divide in various planes.

• ​​A. Schmidt proposed the Tunica Corpus Theory in 1924.
• He postulated this theory based on his studies on the shoot apices of angiosperms.​

Additional Information

Julius von Sachs - 

• ​Julius von Sachs is known as one of the founders of plant physiology.
• He has carried out experimental studies on transpiration, tropism and nutrition in plants.
• His works particularly influenced embryologist Jacques Loeb.

Hofmeister - 

• ​Wilhelm Hofmeister has carried out several studies on plant structure.
• He is regarded as a pioneer in the study of comparative plant morphology.

Gottlieb Haberlandt - 

• ​Gottlieb Haberlandt  is the first person to study plant tissue culture.
• He is also regarded as a pioneer in the development of physiological plant anatomy.

Hence, the correct answer is option 1 (Schmidt).

Concept:

• A group of cells having similar structures and function is called tissue.
• A plant is made up of different types of tissues.
• Plant tissues are divided into two main types depending on whether the tissues can divide or not - Meristematic tissue and Permanent tissue.
• These tissue types are further divided into different types as follows:

Explanation:

SECONDARY GROWTH:

• Two types of growth are observed in plants - Primary growth and Secondary growth.
• Primary growth refers to the vertical growth observed in roots and stems. The roots and stem increase in length with the help of the apical meristem.
• Secondary growth refers to an increase in the girth of the root and stem. Secondary growth is observed in gymnosperms and dicotyledonous plants.
• Secondary growth occurs due to two lateral meristems - vascular cambium and cork cambium.
• Cambium is a plant tissue that gives rise to secondary thickening in the stem and roots.
• In dicots:
  • The secondary growth in dicot stems begins with the formation of a continuous cambium ring.
  • In the dicot stem, the intrafascicular cambium gives rise to the secondary growth of the stem.
  • Intrafascicular cambium is a cambium present between the primary xylem and primary phloem.
  • The cells of the medullary rays that adjoin the intrafascicular cambium become meristematic tissue and thus become interfascicular cambium.
  • The intrafascicular and interfascicular cambium together form a continuous cambium ring.
  • The cambium ring so formed becomes active and cuts off new cells both towards the inner and outer sides.
  • Secondary xylem -  Cells that are cut off at the pith (inner side).
  • Secondary phloem - Cells that are cut off at the periphery (outer side).
  • The activity of the cambium is more towards the inner side than the outer side. Due to this more amount of secondary xylem is produced than the secondary phloem. 
  • Accumulation of the secondary xylem causes the primary and secondary phloem to get crushed.
  • The primary xylem on the other hand remains more or less intact, in or around the center.
  • The secondary medullary rays are the narrow bands of parenchyma, which pass through the secondary xylem and secondary phloem in the radial directions.

 ​

• Thus from the above-given information, the fate of the primary xylem in a dicot root showing extensive secondary growth will be that it is retained in the center of the axis.

So the correct answer is option 1.

Correct Answer: Option 4

Concept:

• A group of cells having similar structures and function is called tissue.
• A plant is made up of different types of tissues.
• Plant tissues are divided into two main types depending on whether the tissue can divide or not - Meristematic tissue and Permanent tissue.
• These tissue types are further divided into different types as follows:
•  

Explanation:

• SIEVE TUBE:
  • A sieve tube is a phloem tissue.
  • These are the long tubular conducting channel. These are placed end to end.
  • The transverse end walls of the sieve tubes are perforated. These perforated areas are called sieve plates.
  • The sieve tube cell is a living cell even though it loses its nucleus at maturity.
  • The sieve tube cells have a thin layer of cytoplasm and a large central vacuole.
  • The sieve tube is controlled by companion cells.
  • It is connected to the companion cell through phloem parenchyma by plasmodesmata.
  • Sieve tubes help transport food from the leaves to the other parts of the plant.
  • Sieve tubes are absent in gymnosperms. Instead, sieve cells are present in gymnosperms as well as in pteridophytes.
  • 

• Option 1: Pine - INCORRECT
  • Pine is a gymnosperm.
  • Since it is a gymnosperm it does not possess sieve tubes.
• Option 2: Eucalyptus - INCORRECT
  • Eucalyptus is an angiosperm.
  • Since it is an angiosperm, it does possess sieve tubes.
  • However, it also contains vessels, which is a characteristic of angiosperms.
  • It serves as a mode of water transport in the plant.
• Option 3: Grass - INCORRECT
  • The grass is an angiosperm.
  • Since it is an angiosperm, it does possess sieve tubes.
  • It also contains vessels, which help in the transport of water.
• Option 4: Trochodendron - CORRECT
  • ​Trochodendron is an angiosperm.
  • Trochodendron is a particular type of angiosperm that lacks vessels but has sieve tubes.
  • Trochodendron is thus a vessel-less piece of stem that possess prominent sieve tubes.

So the correct answer is option 4.

Concept: 

• Interfascicular cambium is a continuous ring formed by the meristematic activity of the cells of medullary rays present next to intrafascicular cambium.
• Cork cambium is a meristematic tissue, which divides and replaces the broken cells of epidermal and cortex layer due to the high activity of vascular cambium.

​​​Explanation:

Option 1:

• Cell division is defined as the process where
• After mitosis, plant cells divide in half by forming a new cell wall (cell plate) between daughter nuclei.
• Both interfascicular cambium and cork cambium are not formed by cell division.
• Therefore, this is the incorrect option.

​Option 2:

• Cell differentiation is the process through which cells from the same source generate cell groups with different morphological and functional features over time.
• Interfascicular cambium and cork cambium is not formed by cell differentiation.
• Therefore, this is the incorrect option.

​Option 3:

• Cell dedifferentiation is defined as a temporary process in which cells become less specialized and return to an earlier cell state.
• Under some circumstances, a differentiated cell can regain its ability to divide.
• Cell dedifferentiation results in the formation of interfascicular cambium and cork cambium.
• Therefore, this is the correct answer.

​​Option 4:

• A mature plant cell loses its ability to divide after being dedifferentiated.
• Both the interfascicular cambium and cork cambium are not formed due to the process of redifferentiation.
• Therefore, this is the incorrect option.

​The correct answer is option 3.

Key Points

• The meristem refers to the undifferentiated cells that are capable of active cell division.
• Promeristem refers to the young meristematic tissue that occurs during the early embryonic stage.
• The different types of primary meristems are derived from this tissue.

Explanation:

• The histogen theory was given by Hanstein, in relation to the development of plant tissues.
• According to this theory, the three principle plant tissues originate from three different groups of initial cells or histogens that are present in the apical meristems.
• This theory is applicable to both root and shoot meristems.
• The histogen layers and their development was cited as follows:
  • Dermatogen → Epidermis
  • Periblem → Cortex
  • Plerome → Vascular cyclinder
• ​For root caps, a fourth histogen was said to be involved, which was called calyptrogen.
• The histogens are thought to be present in linear order, with the plerome being in innermost parts of root and calyptrogen at the tip.​

Therefore, part of the promeristem that develops into cortex of the stem and roots is Periblem.
  

Key Points

• Tunica corpus theory is concerned with shoot apex.
• The theory explains the plane of cell division in the shoot apex.
• According to this theory, the apical meristem in the shoot apex is divided into two tissue zones - Tunica and Corpus.

1. Tunica:
   • It refers to one or more peripheral layers of the cell of the shoot apex.
   • The cells of this layer divide in a plane perpendicular to the surface of the meristem.
2. Corpus:
   • It refers to the body of cells.
   • It comprises several layers.
   • The cells in the corpus region divide in various planes.

• ​​A. Schmidt proposed the Tunica Corpus Theory in 1924.
• He postulated this theory based on his studies on the shoot apices of angiosperms.​

Additional Information

Julius von Sachs - 

• ​Julius von Sachs is known as one of the founders of plant physiology.
• He has carried out experimental studies on transpiration, tropism and nutrition in plants.
• His works particularly influenced embryologist Jacques Loeb.

Hofmeister - 

• ​Wilhelm Hofmeister has carried out several studies on plant structure.
• He is regarded as a pioneer in the study of comparative plant morphology.

Gottlieb Haberlandt - 

• ​Gottlieb Haberlandt  is the first person to study plant tissue culture.
• He is also regarded as a pioneer in the development of physiological plant anatomy.

Hence, the correct answer is option 1 (Schmidt).

Concept: 

• A tissue is a group of cells having a common origin and usually performing a common function.
• The plant is made up of different kinds of tissues.
• Plant tissues are broadly divided into two main groups, namely, meristematic and permanent tissues based on whether the cells being formed are capable of dividing or not

​​​Explanation:

• Meristem: A meristem is a group of cells that remain in a continuous state of division or retain their power of division. It is actively dividing cells.
• Parenchyma: It performs the function of storage of reserve food materials and storage of water in succulents. It also plays an important role in the buoyancy and gaseous exchange in water plants.
• Collenchyma: It is the chief supporting tissue in young dicotyledonous stems. The tissue has the capacity to expand and gives tensile strength to the body
• Sclerenchyma: It consists of thick-walled dead cells. It consists of fibers and Sclereids. Sclereids are short and possess extremely thick lamellated lignified walls with long tubular simple pits.
• Epidermal tissue:  The tissue originates from the outermost layer of the apical meristem. It has epidermis, cuticle, and wax, Stomata, Trichomes. Singular of stomata is stoma. A typical stoma is microscopic and usually consists of two kidney-shaped guard cells surrounding a pore.
• Therefore, the correct answer is option 2, i.e., A - iii, B - i, C - ii, D - v, E - iv.

Correct Answer: Option 4

Concept:

• A group of cells having similar structures and function is called tissue.
• A plant is made up of different types of tissues.
• Plant tissues are divided into two main types depending on whether the tissue can divide or not - Meristematic tissue and Permanent tissue.
• These tissue types are further divided into different types as follows:
•  

Explanation:

• SIEVE TUBE:
  • A sieve tube is a phloem tissue.
  • These are the long tubular conducting channel. These are placed end to end.
  • The transverse end walls of the sieve tubes are perforated. These perforated areas are called sieve plates.
  • The sieve tube cell is a living cell even though it loses its nucleus at maturity.
  • The sieve tube cells have a thin layer of cytoplasm and a large central vacuole.
  • The sieve tube is controlled by companion cells.
  • It is connected to the companion cell through phloem parenchyma by plasmodesmata.
  • Sieve tubes help transport food from the leaves to the other parts of the plant.
  • Sieve tubes are absent in gymnosperms. Instead, sieve cells are present in gymnosperms as well as in pteridophytes.
  • 

• Option 1: Pine - INCORRECT
  • Pine is a gymnosperm.
  • Since it is a gymnosperm it does not possess sieve tubes.
• Option 2: Eucalyptus - INCORRECT
  • Eucalyptus is an angiosperm.
  • Since it is an angiosperm, it does possess sieve tubes.
  • However, it also contains vessels, which is a characteristic of angiosperms.
  • It serves as a mode of water transport in the plant.
• Option 3: Grass - INCORRECT
  • The grass is an angiosperm.
  • Since it is an angiosperm, it does possess sieve tubes.
  • It also contains vessels, which help in the transport of water.
• Option 4: Trochodendron - CORRECT
  • ​Trochodendron is an angiosperm.
  • Trochodendron is a particular type of angiosperm that lacks vessels but has sieve tubes.
  • Trochodendron is thus a vessel-less piece of stem that possess prominent sieve tubes.

So the correct answer is option 4.

The correct answer is option 3.

Concept: 

• A tissue is a group of cells having a common origin and usually performing a common function.
• The plant is made up of different kinds of tissues.
• Plant tissues are broadly divided into two main groups, namely, meristematic and permanent tissues based on whether the cells being formed are capable of dividing or not

​​​Explanation:

 Option 1:

• The xylem is responsible for the conduction of the water and mineral nutrients from the soil upward to plant roots and stems.
• Xylem and phloem are complex tissues.
• Therefore, this is an incorrect answer.

​ Option 2: ​

• Sclerenchyma consists of thick-walled dead cells.
• It consists of fibers and Sclereids. Sclereids are short and possess extremely thick lamellated lignified walls with long tubular simple pits.
• Therefore, this is an incorrect answer.

​Option 3: ​

• Collenchyma is a simple permanent tissue. 
• The cells are thickened at the corners due to the deposition of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin.
• It provides mechanical support to the young, growing parts of the plant.
• Collenchyma is the chief supporting tissue in young dicotyledonous stems. The tissue has the capacity to expand and gives tensile strength to the body
• Therefore, this is the correct answer.

​Option 4:

• The epidermis is the outermost layer of the primary plant body.
• It is made up of elongated, compactly arranged cells, which form a continuous layer.
• The epidermis is usually single-layered.
• Epidermal cells are parenchymatous with a small amount of cytoplasm lining the cell wall and a large vacuole. 
• Therefore, this is an incorrect answer.

​​The correct answer is Option 3.

Concept: 

• The epidermal tissue system forms the outer-most covering of the whole plant body and comprises epidermal cells, stomata, and the epidermal appendages – the trichomes and hairs.
• The epidermis is the outermost layer of the primary plant body.
• It is made up of elongated, compactly arranged cells, which form a continuous layer.

​​​Explanation:

• The cuticle is a waxy layer.
• It covers the upper or lower or both the surfaces of leaves of plants that inhabit aquatic or xerophytic conditions.
• Bulliform cells are empty colorless cells present in monocots leaves. It prevents water loss by rolling in during water stress.
• Guard cells are present in stomata.  A typical stoma is microscopic and usually consists of two kidney-shaped guard cells surrounding a pore.
• The epidermis is composed of a single layer of cells.
• Therefore, the correct answer is option 1, i.e., A - III, B - iv, C - I, D - II.

Concept:

• A group of cells having similar structures and function is called tissue.
• A plant is made up of different types of tissues.
• Plant tissues are divided into two main types depending on whether the tissues can divide or not - Meristematic tissue and Permanent tissue.
• These tissue types are further divided into different types as follows:

Explanation:

SECONDARY GROWTH:

• Two types of growth are observed in plants - Primary growth and Secondary growth.
• Primary growth refers to the vertical growth observed in roots and stems. The roots and stem increase in length with the help of the apical meristem.
• Secondary growth refers to an increase in the girth of the root and stem. Secondary growth is observed in gymnosperms and dicotyledonous plants.
• Secondary growth occurs due to two lateral meristems - vascular cambium and cork cambium.
• Cambium is a plant tissue that gives rise to secondary thickening in the stem and roots.
• In dicots:
  • The secondary growth in dicot stems begins with the formation of a continuous cambium ring.
  • In the dicot stem, the intrafascicular cambium gives rise to the secondary growth of the stem.
  • Intrafascicular cambium is a cambium present between the primary xylem and primary phloem.
  • The cells of the medullary rays that adjoin the intrafascicular cambium become meristematic tissue and thus become interfascicular cambium.
  • The intrafascicular and interfascicular cambium together form a continuous cambium ring.
  • The cambium ring so formed becomes active and cuts off new cells both towards the inner and outer sides.
  • Secondary xylem -  Cells that are cut off at the pith (inner side).
  • Secondary phloem - Cells that are cut off at the periphery (outer side).
  • The activity of the cambium is more towards the inner side than the outer side. Due to this more amount of secondary xylem is produced than the secondary phloem. 
  • Accumulation of the secondary xylem causes the primary and secondary phloem to get crushed.
  • The primary xylem on the other hand remains more or less intact, in or around the center.
  • The secondary medullary rays are the narrow bands of parenchyma, which pass through the secondary xylem and secondary phloem in the radial directions.

 ​

• Thus from the above-given information, the fate of the primary xylem in a dicot root showing extensive secondary growth will be that it is retained in the center of the axis.

So the correct answer is option 1.

Concept: 

• Phellogen consists of meristematic cells.
• In contrast to the vascular cambium, phellogen is relatively simple in structure and composed of one type of cell.
• The cells of the phellogen are rectangular in shape and have vacuolated protoplasts.
• Cells that constitute phellem are called cork cells.
• They are like the phellogen cells from which they are derived. There are no intercellular spaces among cork cells.

​​​Explanation:

• In the dicot stem, the cortical cells differentiate to give rise to meristematic tissue called cork cambium or phellogen. 
• After the cambium divides, it forms phellem, also called cork, on the outer side.
• Towards the inner side, it forms the secondary cortex or phelloderm.
• Hence, phellogen and phellem respectively denote cork cambium and cork.
• Therefore, the correct answer is option 2.

Concept: 

• The epidermis is the outermost layer of the primary plant body.
• It is made up of elongated, compactly arranged cells, which form a continuous layer.
• The epidermis is usually single-layered.
• Epidermal cells are parenchymatous with a small amount of cytoplasm lining the cell wall and a large vacuole. 

• In the case of roots, it is called epiblema instead of the epidermis.

​​​​Explanation:

Option 1:

• The pericycle is a layer of parenchymatous or sclerenchymatous cells. 
• It is found just below the endodermis.
• It is also known as the outermost layer of the stele of plants.
• Therefore, this is an incorrect option.

Option 2:

• The root endodermis is composed of a single-layered boundary.
• It divides the inner vascular tissue from the outer cortex.
•  It plays an important role by acting as an apoplastic barrier for selective nutrient uptake.
• Therefore, this is an incorrect option.

Option 3:

• Epiblema or piliferous layer (rhizodermis) is the outermost layer of the root.
• It is composed of compactly arranged thin-walled flattened and slightly elongated parenchymatous cells.
• Epiblema is derived from protoderm.
• Some of the cells of epiblema give rise to root hairs which take part in the absorption of water and mineral salts.
• Therefore, this is the correct answer.

​​Option 4:

• The stele is a term collectively used for vascular tissues in the case of vascular plants like gymnosperms and angiosperms.
• In a vascular plant, the stele is the central part of the root or stem with the tissues derived from the procambium.
• Therefore, this is an incorrect option.