Discoveries and Inventions MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Discoveries and Inventions - Download Free PDF

The correct answer is Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI).

Key Points

• CEPI was launched in 2017 at the World Economic Forum in Davos to accelerate the development of vaccines against emerging infectious diseases.
• Its primary focus is on diseases that pose a global epidemic threat, including COVID-19, Nipah virus, Lassa fever, and MERS-CoV.
• CEPI works on a "pre-emptive" approach, investing in vaccine platforms and technologies that can quickly respond to outbreaks.
• The organization is funded by multiple stakeholders, including governments, foundations, and private-sector partners, such as the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
• CEPI played a critical role in the rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines during the pandemic by providing funding and fostering collaboration.

Additional Information

• Emerging Infectious Diseases: These are infections that have newly appeared in a population or are rapidly increasing in incidence, such as Ebola, Zika, and SARS-CoV-2.
• Vaccine Platforms: CEPI invests in technologies like mRNA, viral vector, and recombinant protein platforms to ensure rapid vaccine development against outbreaks.
• Global Health Security: CEPI aligns with global health initiatives like WHO's R&D Blueprint and the Global Preparedness Monitoring Board to enhance epidemic preparedness.
• Partnerships: CEPI collaborates with pharmaceutical companies, academia, and public health organizations to ensure equitable access to vaccines worldwide.
• ACT Accelerator: While CEPI focuses on vaccine development, the ACT Accelerator is a broader initiative aimed at speeding up access to COVID-19 tests, treatments, and vaccines globally.

The correct answer is John Salk.

Key Points

•  The first successful vaccine for polio was developed by Jonas Salk and his team at the University of Pittsburgh in 1952.
• His vaccine was an inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), meaning it used killed poliovirus particles to stimulate the immune system and generate an immune response without causing illness.

Additional Information

• Polio is nothing but the term or synonym of the disease Poliomyelitis. 
• It is a viral disease that mainly affects young children.
• The virus is transmitted by person-to-person i.e. it is a communicable disease. 
• It is transmitted through the faecal-oral route and by contaminated water or food.
• Initial symptoms of polio include fever, fatigue, headache, vomiting, stiffness in the neck, and pain in the limbs.
• In a small proportion of cases, the disease causes paralysis, which is often permanent.​

Key Points

• Joseph Priestley was an English chemist and theologian who is credited with the discovery of oxygen gas and his work on the role of plants in air purification.
• In the late 18th century, Priestley conducted experiments in which he demonstrated that plants have the ability to release oxygen and improve the quality of air.
• His experiments involved placing a sprig of mint plant in a closed container and exposing it to sunlight.
• He observed that the plant produced bubbles of oxygen, indicating that it released oxygen gas into the air.
• Priestley's experiments and observations on the role of plants in purifying the air laid the foundation for our understanding of photosynthesis and the important relationship between plants and the composition of the atmosphere.
• His work also helped establish the concept that green plants play a vital role in maintaining the balance of gases in the air by removing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen through the process of photosynthesis.

Additional InformationDe Saussure - 

• Ferdinand de Saussure was a Swiss linguist and philosopher.
• He is known for his Saussure theory, which states that the linguistic system in each individual's brain is developed from experience.

Van Helmont - 

• Jan Baptist van Helmont was a Flemish chemist, physiologist and physician.
• He had studied the growth of plants, along with various chemical experiments.

Ingenhousz - 

• He was a Dutch physiologist who is known to have discovered that sunlight is essential for green plants to produce oxygen.

The correct answer is Albert Calmette,

Key PointsTuberculosis:

• Tuberculosis is a bacterial disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 
• Symptoms of tuberculosis include blood-stained cough, fever, loss of appetite, sweating, fatigue or weakness, severe loss of weight, chest pain, shortness of breath, etc.
• Usually, this bacterium infects the upper respiratory tract.
• The infection can spread to any organ like the kidney, spine & even in severe cases the brain also.
• Tuberculosis is a communicable disease.
• To protect people from getting infected by tuberculosis, BCG (Bacillus Calmette Guerin) vaccine was developed.
• BCG vaccine is administered to infants and children. 
• The vaccine was developed by French bacteriologists Albert Calmette and Camille Guerin in 1921. Hence the correct answer is Option 1.​ 

Additional Information​Paul Ehrlich

• Paul Ehrlich is known as the Father of chemotherapy
• Chemotherapy is used to treat cancer and kill cancer cells.

Robert Koch

• Robert Koch was a microbiologist and German physician.
• He established the basic causative agents of tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax as one of the key pioneers of modern bacteriology, and also provided scientific support for the idea of infectious disease, which included experiments on humans and animals.
• In 1905, He received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his studies on tuberculosis.

Louis Pasteur:

• He is known as the father of bacteriology.
• The process of pasteurization was invented by him.

The correct answer is Albert Calmette,

Key PointsTuberculosis:

• Tuberculosis is a bacterial disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 
• Symptoms of tuberculosis include blood-stained cough, fever, loss of appetite, sweating, fatigue or weakness, severe loss of weight, chest pain, shortness of breath, etc.
• Usually, this bacterium infects the upper respiratory tract.
• The infection can spread to any organ like the kidney, spine & even in severe cases the brain also.
• Tuberculosis is a communicable disease.
• To protect people from getting infected by tuberculosis, BCG (Bacillus Calmette Guerin) vaccine was developed.
• BCG vaccine is administered to infants and children. 
• The vaccine was developed by French bacteriologists Albert Calmette and Camille Guerin in 1921. Hence the correct answer is Option 1.​ 

Additional Information​Paul Ehrlich

• Paul Ehrlich is known as the Father of chemotherapy
• Chemotherapy is used to treat cancer and kill cancer cells.

Robert Koch

• Robert Koch was a microbiologist and German physician.
• He established the basic causative agents of tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax as one of the key pioneers of modern bacteriology, and also provided scientific support for the idea of infectious disease, which included experiments on humans and animals.
• In 1905, He received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his studies on tuberculosis.

Louis Pasteur:

• He is known as the father of bacteriology.
• The process of pasteurization was invented by him.

The correct answer is Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI).

Key Points

• CEPI was launched in 2017 at the World Economic Forum in Davos to accelerate the development of vaccines against emerging infectious diseases.
• Its primary focus is on diseases that pose a global epidemic threat, including COVID-19, Nipah virus, Lassa fever, and MERS-CoV.
• CEPI works on a "pre-emptive" approach, investing in vaccine platforms and technologies that can quickly respond to outbreaks.
• The organization is funded by multiple stakeholders, including governments, foundations, and private-sector partners, such as the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
• CEPI played a critical role in the rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines during the pandemic by providing funding and fostering collaboration.

Additional Information

• Emerging Infectious Diseases: These are infections that have newly appeared in a population or are rapidly increasing in incidence, such as Ebola, Zika, and SARS-CoV-2.
• Vaccine Platforms: CEPI invests in technologies like mRNA, viral vector, and recombinant protein platforms to ensure rapid vaccine development against outbreaks.
• Global Health Security: CEPI aligns with global health initiatives like WHO's R&D Blueprint and the Global Preparedness Monitoring Board to enhance epidemic preparedness.
• Partnerships: CEPI collaborates with pharmaceutical companies, academia, and public health organizations to ensure equitable access to vaccines worldwide.
• ACT Accelerator: While CEPI focuses on vaccine development, the ACT Accelerator is a broader initiative aimed at speeding up access to COVID-19 tests, treatments, and vaccines globally.

The correct answer is John Salk.

Key Points

•  The first successful vaccine for polio was developed by Jonas Salk and his team at the University of Pittsburgh in 1952.
• His vaccine was an inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), meaning it used killed poliovirus particles to stimulate the immune system and generate an immune response without causing illness.

Additional Information

• Polio is nothing but the term or synonym of the disease Poliomyelitis. 
• It is a viral disease that mainly affects young children.
• The virus is transmitted by person-to-person i.e. it is a communicable disease. 
• It is transmitted through the faecal-oral route and by contaminated water or food.
• Initial symptoms of polio include fever, fatigue, headache, vomiting, stiffness in the neck, and pain in the limbs.
• In a small proportion of cases, the disease causes paralysis, which is often permanent.​

Key Points

• Joseph Priestley was an English chemist and theologian who is credited with the discovery of oxygen gas and his work on the role of plants in air purification.
• In the late 18th century, Priestley conducted experiments in which he demonstrated that plants have the ability to release oxygen and improve the quality of air.
• His experiments involved placing a sprig of mint plant in a closed container and exposing it to sunlight.
• He observed that the plant produced bubbles of oxygen, indicating that it released oxygen gas into the air.
• Priestley's experiments and observations on the role of plants in purifying the air laid the foundation for our understanding of photosynthesis and the important relationship between plants and the composition of the atmosphere.
• His work also helped establish the concept that green plants play a vital role in maintaining the balance of gases in the air by removing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen through the process of photosynthesis.

Additional InformationDe Saussure - 

• Ferdinand de Saussure was a Swiss linguist and philosopher.
• He is known for his Saussure theory, which states that the linguistic system in each individual's brain is developed from experience.

Van Helmont - 

• Jan Baptist van Helmont was a Flemish chemist, physiologist and physician.
• He had studied the growth of plants, along with various chemical experiments.

Ingenhousz - 

• He was a Dutch physiologist who is known to have discovered that sunlight is essential for green plants to produce oxygen.

The correct answer is Albert Calmette,

Key PointsTuberculosis:

• Tuberculosis is a bacterial disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 
• Symptoms of tuberculosis include blood-stained cough, fever, loss of appetite, sweating, fatigue or weakness, severe loss of weight, chest pain, shortness of breath, etc.
• Usually, this bacterium infects the upper respiratory tract.
• The infection can spread to any organ like the kidney, spine & even in severe cases the brain also.
• Tuberculosis is a communicable disease.
• To protect people from getting infected by tuberculosis, BCG (Bacillus Calmette Guerin) vaccine was developed.
• BCG vaccine is administered to infants and children. 
• The vaccine was developed by French bacteriologists Albert Calmette and Camille Guerin in 1921. Hence the correct answer is Option 1.​ 

Additional Information​Paul Ehrlich

• Paul Ehrlich is known as the Father of chemotherapy
• Chemotherapy is used to treat cancer and kill cancer cells.

Robert Koch

• Robert Koch was a microbiologist and German physician.
• He established the basic causative agents of tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax as one of the key pioneers of modern bacteriology, and also provided scientific support for the idea of infectious disease, which included experiments on humans and animals.
• In 1905, He received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his studies on tuberculosis.

Louis Pasteur:

• He is known as the father of bacteriology.
• The process of pasteurization was invented by him.

The correct answer is Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI).

Key Points

• CEPI was launched in 2017 at the World Economic Forum in Davos to accelerate the development of vaccines against emerging infectious diseases.
• Its primary focus is on diseases that pose a global epidemic threat, including COVID-19, Nipah virus, Lassa fever, and MERS-CoV.
• CEPI works on a "pre-emptive" approach, investing in vaccine platforms and technologies that can quickly respond to outbreaks.
• The organization is funded by multiple stakeholders, including governments, foundations, and private-sector partners, such as the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
• CEPI played a critical role in the rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines during the pandemic by providing funding and fostering collaboration.

Additional Information

• Emerging Infectious Diseases: These are infections that have newly appeared in a population or are rapidly increasing in incidence, such as Ebola, Zika, and SARS-CoV-2.
• Vaccine Platforms: CEPI invests in technologies like mRNA, viral vector, and recombinant protein platforms to ensure rapid vaccine development against outbreaks.
• Global Health Security: CEPI aligns with global health initiatives like WHO's R&D Blueprint and the Global Preparedness Monitoring Board to enhance epidemic preparedness.
• Partnerships: CEPI collaborates with pharmaceutical companies, academia, and public health organizations to ensure equitable access to vaccines worldwide.
• ACT Accelerator: While CEPI focuses on vaccine development, the ACT Accelerator is a broader initiative aimed at speeding up access to COVID-19 tests, treatments, and vaccines globally.