What does "PIL" stands for in the context of judicial activism?

The correct answer is Public Interest Litigation.

Key Points

• Public Interest Litigation (PIL) is a legal mechanism that allows individuals or groups to approach courts to seek justice for matters of public concern or social welfare.
• The concept of PIL originated in the United States but was institutionalized in India during the 1980s by the Supreme Court.
• PIL is primarily used to address issues like environmental protection, human rights violations, corruption, and other social injustices.
• It is a tool to provide access to justice to marginalized and underprivileged sections of society who may otherwise lack the resources or means to approach the judiciary.
• Indian judiciary, particularly the Supreme Court and High Courts, have actively encouraged PILs to address systemic issues and ensure accountability in governance.

Additional Information

• Origin of PIL in India:
  • Justice P.N. Bhagwati and Justice V.R. Krishna Iyer were key figures in introducing PIL in India during the early 1980s.
  • The landmark case of Hussainara Khatoon vs. State of Bihar (1979) is considered one of the first instances of PIL in India.
• Key Features of PIL:
  • PIL can be filed by any individual or organization, even if they are not directly affected by the issue.
  • It is aimed at addressing issues of collective societal importance rather than personal grievances.
  • The judiciary has relaxed procedural norms for filing PILs to promote accessibility and inclusivity.
• Scope of PIL:
  • Issues related to environmental degradation, exploitation of workers, gender equality, and protection of cultural heritage can be addressed through PIL.
  • Courts have used PILs to enforce fundamental rights guaranteed under the Indian Constitution.
• Criticism of PIL:
  • PILs are sometimes misused for publicity or as a tool for personal vendettas.
  • Courts have emphasized the need for genuine public interest in cases brought under PIL to avoid misuse.