The dominant features of Allauddin Khilji's economic organisation were

The correct answer is - All of the above

Key Points

• Allauddin Khilji's Economic Organisation
  • Allauddin Khilji, the Sultan of Delhi, implemented several significant economic reforms during his reign from 1296 to 1316 AD.
  • These reforms were aimed at consolidating his power, controlling the economy, and maintaining a strong military.
• End of Land Grants
  • Allauddin Khilji abolished the practice of land grants to nobles and religious institutions. This helped in ensuring that the revenue generated from the land went directly to the state treasury.
  • This move was intended to reduce the power of the landed aristocracy and ensure a steady flow of revenue to the central authority.
• An Oppressive Tax System
  • Khilji implemented a rigorous tax system, which included taxes on agricultural produce, trade, and other economic activities.
  • The main taxes were 'Kharaj' (land tax), 'Jizya' (tax on non-Muslims), and 'Ghari' (house tax).
  • This oppressive tax system helped in amassing significant revenue for the state, ensuring the maintenance of a large standing army.
• Cloth and Animal Markets
  • He established state-controlled markets (Shahana-i-Mandi) for essential commodities like cloth, grains, and animals.
  • Prices in these markets were fixed by the state, and any violation of the fixed prices was strictly punished.
  • This ensured the availability of essential goods at stable prices and prevented hoarding and black marketing.

Additional Information

• Allauddin Khilji's Market Reforms
  • He established a strict control over the prices of essential commodities to prevent inflation and ensure the availability of goods to the common people at reasonable prices.
  • His market regulations were enforced by appointed officials called 'Shahna' who supervised the market activities and punished defaulters.
• Military Reforms
  • Khilji's economic reforms were closely linked to his military needs. The revenue generated from his tax system was used to maintain a large, well-equipped standing army.
  • He introduced a system of branding horses (Dagh) and maintaining descriptive rolls of soldiers (Chehra) to prevent corruption in the army.