Ranging rods are

Explanation:

Ranging Rod

• ​It is a wooden/steel rod or pipe of 2m or 3m in length with 3 cm in diameter.
• The cross-section is kept either circular or octagonal.
• It is painted red and white or black and white in 20 cm bandwidth.
• The bottom of the rod is fixed with a sharp metal shoe for fixing on the ground.
• A flag is fixed on top for visibility when it is more than 200m in distance.
• It is used for marking the position of the station in chaining.
• It is also used for fixing intermediate points in ranging.